Pollination and Pollinating Agents of the Saguaro

McGregor, S. E.; Alcorn, S. M.; Olin, George

doi:10.2307/1931981

Cited by 69 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…124 genera and around 1500 species distributed almost exclusively within the American Continent, with major centres of diversity in the arid regions of Mexico, central Andes (Argentina and Bolívia) and Eastern Brazil (Barthlott & Hunt 1993;Hunt et al 2006;Taylor & Zappi 2004). Floral characters, such as colour, size, position of reproductive structures and time of anthesis are very diverse, and the species present a large array of pollination syndromes (see Faegri & Van der Pijl 1979) and several groups of invertebrates and vertebrates have been observed as visitors and pollinators, such as bees Mandujano et al;, beetles (Grant & Connell 1979), hawkmoths (Silva & Sazima 1995;Locatelli & Machado 1999a), birds and bats (Alcorn et al 1961, McGregor et al 1962Locatelli & Machado 1999b;Aona et al 2006;Rocha et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies of columnar cacti pollinated by bats have been published (McGregor et al 1962;Fleming et al 1994;Petit 1995;Valiente-Banuet et al 1996;Rocha et al 2007), and it is possible that this pollination syndrome will prove to be frequent, if not the most common one, within tribes Pachycereeae and Cereeae. Recent studies have increased the list of bat-pollinated cacti in the Neotropics, such as Pachycereus pringlei (Fleming et al 1994), Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis, Neobuxbaumia macrocephala (Valiente-Banuet et al 1997), Stenocereus griseus, Pilosocereus moritzianus, Pilosocereus lanuginosus, Cereus [Subpilocereus] horrispinus (Nassar et al 1997), Pilosocereus catingicola (Locatelli et al 1997), and Pilosocereus tuberculatus (Rocha et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilosocerus moritzianus is partially self-compatible, but its fl ower has hercogamy (Nassar et al 1997). Some columnar cacti are self-compatible, however the number of seeds produced by self-pollination is signifi cantly lower than that produced by cross-pollination (McGregor et al 1962;Fleming et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive biology of a highly endemic species: Cipocereus laniflorus N.P. Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae)

2012

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RESUMO(Biologia reprodutiva de uma espécie altamente endêmica: Cipocereus lanifl orus Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae)). Cipocereus lanifl orus N.P. Taylor & Zappi é uma espécie endêmica da Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A fi m de se propor estratégias de conservação para esta espécie, estudos sobre sua biologia reprodutiva foram realizados, incluindo fenologia reprodutiva, biologia fl oral, visitantes fl orais e o sistema reprodutivo. O período de fl oração e frutifi cação ocorre de maio a outubro. Poucas fl ores abrem-se por planta a cada noite, podendo produzir até 0.4 ml de néctar, poré 30% destas não apresentam néctar. Cipocereus lanifl orus provavelmente oferece também pólen como recurso. A efi ciência de frutifi cação sob condições naturais de polinização (47%) foi semelhante às encontras para outras espécies de Cactaceae. Pólen de C. lanifl orus foi detectado nos morcegos Anoura geoff roy, Glossophaga soricina e Pygoderma bilabiatum. Entre os caracteres relacionados à quiropterofi lia encontrados em C. lanifl orus, destacamos a coloração creme da parte interna da fl or, os estames numerosos e a antese noturna de curta duração. As fl ores de C. lanifl orus também podem ser visitadas por besouros Nitidulidae, abelhas Trigona fulviventris e beija-fl ores. No entanto, os morcegos são os principais polinizadores desta espécie. Finalmente, por ser uma espécie auto-estéril, C. lanifl orus precisa de um polinizador e está mais suscetível ao risco de extinção se qualquer distúrbio afetar de forma negativa o seu sistema de polinização. In order to propose conservation strategies for this species, its reproductive strategies were investigated, including reproductive phenology, fl oral biology, fl oral visitors and breeding system. Th e fl owering and fruiting period extends from May to October. Few fl owers per plant open each night, producing up to 0.4 ml nectar, but 30% of them are nectarless. Probably pollen is also off ered as a resource. Fruiting effi ciency of C. lanifl orus (47%) is close to that found in other Cactaceae species. Pollen of this species was detected in Anoura geoff roy, Soricina glossophaga and Pygoderma bilabiatum bats. Amongst the characteristics related to bat-pollination syndrome found in C. lanifl orus, the cream-white colouring of the internal part of the fl ower, the numerous stamens and the nocturnal anthesis of short duration can be highlighted. Flowers of C. lanifl orus are also visited by Nitidulidae beetles, Trigona fulviventris bees and hummingbirds, however bats are the main pollinators of this species. Finally, as a self-sterile species, C. lanifl orus needs a pollinator and is more susceptible to the risk of extinction if local disturbances aff ect its pollination system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive biology of a highly endemic species: Cipocereus laniflorus N.P. Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae)

2012

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“…The diurnal honey bee ( Apis mellifera ), the nocturnal nectar-feeding Mexican long-nose bat ( Leptonycteris nivalis ) and the white-winged dove ( Zenaida asiatica mearnsi ) are the most important pollinators. Zenaida , however, pollinates the giant cactus only (Alcorn et al 1959(Alcorn et al , 1961McGregor et al 1962 ). On the other hand, in the Magaliesberg mountain range (South Africa) opportunistic avian nectarivores, such as the Cape rock thrush ( Monticola rupestris ), have been found to enhance reproduction in an endemic montane aloe ( Aloe peglerae ) more than do specialized bird pollinators (Area et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Animals As a Cause Of Changes In Habitat Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal’s Functional Role in the Landscape

Holtmeier

2014

Animals' Influence on the Landscape and Ecological Importance

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“…Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is a major pollinator of Cactaceae and Agavaceae and disperser of cactus seeds (Alcorn et al 1961;Alvarez and Gonzalez 1970;Fleming et al 1996;Godinez-Alvarez and Valiente-Banuet 2000;Howell and Roth 1981;McGregor et al 1962). L. yerbabuenae is a potential pollinator of species of Bombacaeae and is the principal pollinator of Ceiba grandiflora .…”

Section: Ontogeny and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%