Pollination and floral scent differentiation in species of the Philodendron bipinnatifidum complex (Araceae)

Gottsberger, Gerhard; Silberbauer-Gottsberger, Ilse; Dötterl, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0763-4

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Research across scales is now accumulating supporting this ecologically important phenotype as a trait with striking capacity for rapid evolution. Within species, floral scent can diverge markedly over very short spatial and temporal scales with repercussions for pollinators and reproductive isolation of plants (e.g., Parachnowitsch et al 2012;Gottsberger et al 2013;Friberg et al 2014;Whitehead and Peakall 2014). Recent experimental evolution work has shown that divergent pollinator selection can cause evolutionary divergence in floral scent phenotypes in just a few short generations in the laboratory (Gervasi and Schiestl 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of floral signals in relation to range overlap in a clade of California Jewelflowers (Streptanthuss.l.)

et al. 2018

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Because of their function as reproductive signals in plants, floral traits experience distinct selective pressures related to their role in speciation, reinforcement, and prolonged coexistence with close relatives. However, few studies have investigated whether population-level processes translate into detectable signatures at the macroevolutionary scale. Here, we ask whether patterns of floral trait evolution and range overlap across a clade of California Jewelflowers reflect processes hypothesized to shape floral signal differentiation at the population level. We found a pattern of divergence in floral scent composition across the clade such that close relatives had highly disparate floral scents given their age. Accounting for range overlap with close relatives explained additional variation in floral scent over time, with sympatric species pairs having diverged more than allopatric species pairs given their age. However, three other floral traits (flower size, scent complexity and flower color) did not fit these patterns, failing to deviate from a null Brownian motion model of evolution. Together, our results suggest that selection for divergence among close relatives in the composition of floral scents may play a key, sustained role in mediating speciation and coexistence dynamics across this group, and that signatures of these dynamics may persist at the macroevolutionary scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of floral signals in relation to range overlap in a clade of California Jewelflowers (Streptanthuss.l.)

et al. 2018

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“…For example, Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) species have starch-containing carpellary appendages, eaten by the large beetles (Prance & Arias 1975). In Philodendron (Araceae) species, scarabs not only nourish themselves on the large amounts of pollen but also on entire nutritious sterile and fertile staminate flowers (Gottsberger et al 2013). In Magnolia ovata (Magnoliaceae), the visiting scarabs start eating at the nutritious tissue at the base of the inner petals and after consumption of these regions extend their gnawing to the whole petals (Gottsberger et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritious tissue in petals of Annonaceae and its function in pollination by scarab beetles

Gottsberger

Webber

2018

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Th e feeding of pollinating dynastid-scarab beetles on nutritious tissue of Annonaceae fl owers results in macroscopically visible gnawing marks on petals. In the present paper, we present and discuss examples of such gnawing marks on Annonaceae from the Cerrado and the Amazon Forest in Brazil. Th e localization of gnawing marks on the petals and the histochemistry of the nutritious tissues are emphasized. In some species, nutritious tissue is apparently distributed among all petals, while in other species it is more or less diff usely localized. Th ere are also cases in which nutritious tissue occurs only on clearly localized regions of the inner petals. Petals of selected Amazon species were stained, and studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Th e nutritious tissue consists of cells with mucilagerich walls, which contain starch, lipids and/or tannins. Starch and lipids are not only energy-rich food for the beetles but are apparently also "fuel" for metabolic heating of the fl owers, which is a further benefi t for the pollinators inside the pollination chamber.

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“…Floral signals often differ between closely related species, suggesting that their divergence plays a role in the establishment of reproductive isolation during speciation. In highly specialized pollination systems, such as those involving sexually deceptive orchids or aroids pollinated by cyclocephaline scarabs, floral scent may even be the prime mechanism for floral isolation in co-occurring species (Gottsberger et al, 2013;Peakall & Whitehead, 2014). For example, in Chiloglottis orchids, the presence of different (combinations) of volatile 'chiloglottones' (Fig.…”

Section: Floral Scent and Reproductive Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and evolution of floral volatile‐mediated information transfer in plants

2015

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571I.571II.572III.575IV.575V.575576References576 Summary Floral volatiles are complex, multi‐functional signals that are often used by pollinators in combination with other signals, such as color. Floral visitors use floral scent to estimate the amount of reward present in flowers, to facilitate the identification of a specific host flower or as signals that chemically resemble those important for pollinator insects in other ecological contexts. There is good evidence that floral scent evolves under selection imposed by both mutualists and antagonists. Antagonists may often limit the amount of scent emitted by flowers, thus contributing to spatial population variation, and select for phenotypic plasticity after enemy attack. Floral scent is also an important component of pollinator‐mediated reproductive isolation, as it often co‐varies with color and morphology in sister species with different pollination systems.

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Pollination and floral scent differentiation in species of the Philodendron bipinnatifidum complex (Araceae)

Cited by 52 publications

References 43 publications

The evolution of floral signals in relation to range overlap in a clade of California Jewelflowers (Streptanthuss.l.)

The evolution of floral signals in relation to range overlap in a clade of California Jewelflowers (Streptanthuss.l.)

Nutritious tissue in petals of Annonaceae and its function in pollination by scarab beetles

Ecology and evolution of floral volatile‐mediated information transfer in plants

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