Pollen Removal and Pollen Deposition Affect the Duration of the Staminate and Pistillate Phases in Campanula rapunculoides

Richardson, Thomas E.; Stephenson, Andrew G.

doi:10.2307/2444347

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Both field and greenhouse studies demonstrated a strong negative correlation between flower longevity and experimental manipulation of pollination success (Devlin and Stephenson 1984;Richardson and Stephenson 1989;Evanhoe and Galloway 2002;Clark and Husband 2007;Castro et al 2008). In natural populations, several studies have demonstrated increasing flower longevity along either environmental (Bingham and Orthner 1998;Yasaka et al 1998;Blionis and Vokou 2001;Giblin 2005;AEgisdottir and Thorhallsdottir 2006;Lundemo and Totland 2007) or seasonal (Totland 1994a;Rathcke 2003) declining gradients of pollinator availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of flower longevity in alpine plants is increased in populations from high elevation compared to low elevation populations

Trunschke

Stöcklin

2016

Alp Botany

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Flower longevity is an adaptive trait, optimized to balance reproductive success against the costs of flower maintenance. The trait is highly plastic in response to pollination success, and numerous studies report increased flower longevity in high elevation environments, where diversity, abundance, and activity of pollinators are low. However, few studies have experimentally investigated how flower longevity varies with pollination intensity within and among populations. We studied flower longevity of six alpine species under three pollination intensity treatments (hand-pollination, natural pollination, pollinator exclusion) at 1600 m vs. 2600 m a.s.l. at the Furka Pass, Central Swiss Alps. We hypothesized, (1) that flower longevity is generally increased in population at high elevation, and (2) that the increase in flower longevity when pollination fails is stronger in populations at high elevation compared to low elevation. Hand-pollination did not decrease flower longevity in any of the studied populations and rarely increased natural seed production suggesting no pollination limitation at both elevations. This was supported by similar pollinator visitation rates, pollinator efficiency, and pollination effectivity. Pollinator exclusion significantly increased flower longevity, but only in populations of three species at low elevation, whereby in all populations of the six species at high elevation, indicating a higher plasticity of flowers in populations at high elevation compared to populations from lower elevation. We suggest that the higher plasticity of flower longevity in alpine populations is of advantage in their unpredictable pollination environment: Increased flower longevity compensates for low pollination in unsuitable periods guaranteeing a minimum reproduction, while the capacity to senescence rapidly after successful pollination saves redundant floral costs in suitable periods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of flower longevity in alpine plants is increased in populations from high elevation compared to low elevation populations

Trunschke

Stöcklin

2016

Alp Botany

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“…Until recently, the adaptive significance of variation in pollen presentation had received relatively little attention. Pollen presentation schedules are known to vary both among and within angiosperm species (Devlin and Stephenson 1984;Richardson and Stephenson 1989;Harder 1990; Thomson et al 2000). Factors such as weather and pollinator visitation have been found to affect the rate at which flowers present pollen (Percival 1955;Devlin and Stephenson 1984;Richardson and Stephenson 1989;Robertson and Lloyd 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pollen presentation schedules are known to vary both among and within angiosperm species (Devlin and Stephenson 1984;Richardson and Stephenson 1989;Harder 1990; Thomson et al 2000). Factors such as weather and pollinator visitation have been found to affect the rate at which flowers present pollen (Percival 1955;Devlin and Stephenson 1984;Richardson and Stephenson 1989;Robertson and Lloyd 1993). A recent study presents the hypothesis that interspecific differences in pollen presentation schedules may represent adaptive specialization to particular pollinators (Thomson et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, early season flowers have a higher probability of receiving many pollinator visits. Previous studies have also suggested that pollen presentation schedules change seasonally (Devlin and Stephenson 1984;Richardson and Stephenson 1989;Sargent and Roitberg 2000). However, perhaps because plant species differ with respect to whether pollinator visitation rates increase or decrease seasonally, few predictions have been made regarding the effects of seasonal changes on pollen presentation schedules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal changes in pollen-packaging schedules in the protandrous plant Chamerion angustifolium

Sargent

2003

Oecologia

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The rate at which pollen is presented varies widely both among and within species of flowering plants. Although several studies have tried to explain between-species variation in this trait, few explanations exist for the variation that exists among individuals of the same species. I used protandrous fireweed, Chamerion angustifolium (Onagraceae), to examine seasonal changes in pollinator visitation, population sex ratio, and pollen presentation schedules. Most studies that make predictions about optimal pollen presentation assume conditions are constant throughout the flowering season. However, data presented here show that pollen presentation schedules vary seasonally: in early season flowers, anthers dehisce over a number of days, while late season flowers present all anthers simultaneously. I show that pollinator visitation rates to individual plants are higher but more variable early in the season than late in the season. Furthermore, per-male availability of female-phase flowers increases over the course of the flowering season in this population. I suggest that seasonal differences in the variability of pollinator visitation and the availability of female flowers has played an important role in selection for pollen presentation schedules.

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“…35 receptive stigma and dehiscent anthers simultaneously, and the isolation experiment demonstrates that autogamy can sometimes occur under these circumstances. Previous studies (e.g., Devlin & Stephenson 1984;Richardson & Stephenson 1989) have shown that the artificial exclusion of pollinators can lead to greater overlap of the sexual phases than typically occurs in the presence of pollinators. How often the sexual phases of puriri flowers overlap under natural pollination conditions is unknown.…”

Section: Pollination Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular markers and experimental pollinations reveal self-fertility and high levels of natural inbreeding in the New Zealand endemic treeVitex lucens(puriri)

Barrell

Richardson

Gardner

1997

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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The breeding system of the New Zealand endemic tree Vitex lucens (puriri) (Labiatae) was investigated using controlled pollinations and paternity analysis with RAPD and microsatellite markers. Experimental pollinations demonstrated that puriri is physiologically capable of producing fruit and viable seed from both selfed and outcrossed flowers. A low level of autogamous seed set was also observed, suggesting that at least occasional seed set is possible in the absence of pollinators. Polymorphic RAPD and microsatellite markers were developed for puriri and used to confirm the parentage of seedlings from experimental self and outcrossed pollinations. Paternity analysis of 18 seedlings from naturally pollinated drupes collected from a single B96070Received 6 December 1996; accepted 14 July 1997 tree revealed that a high proportion of these progeny were likely to be the result of self-pollination. These results are the first demonstration that puriri is capable of both self-and cross-fertilisation, and that in nature puriri has a mixed breeding system, with high levels of self-fertilisation possible. The molecular markers developed in this project will be useful tools for future puriri genetic studies.

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Pollen Removal and Pollen Deposition Affect the Duration of the Staminate and Pistillate Phases in Campanula rapunculoides

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Plasticity of flower longevity in alpine plants is increased in populations from high elevation compared to low elevation populations

Plasticity of flower longevity in alpine plants is increased in populations from high elevation compared to low elevation populations

Seasonal changes in pollen-packaging schedules in the protandrous plant Chamerion angustifolium

Molecular markers and experimental pollinations reveal self-fertility and high levels of natural inbreeding in the New Zealand endemic treeVitex lucens(puriri)

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