Pollen Morphology, Trichome Types, and Relationships of the Gronovioideae (Loasaceae)

Poston, Muriel E.; Nowicke, Joan W.

doi:10.2307/2445439

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Loasoideae were expanded to include Plakothira (Florence, 1985) and Xylopodia (Weigend, 1997). Circumscriptions of the subfamilies have received only modest challenges (Ernst and Thompson, 1963), and most of these have focused on Gronovioideae (Davis and Thompson, 1967;Poston and Nowicke, 1993). Hempel's (1995) phylogenetic analysis of Loasaceae did not recover a monophyletic Gronovioideae; however, she sampled only seven species in the family for the plastid genes ndhF and rbcL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine outgroups were used for the analysis of matK; based on those results, three outgroups were applied for the analysis of the trnL-trnF and the combination of matK and trnL-trnF. Our sampling in Loasaceae aimed to encompass groups delimited in or suggested to be problematic by earlier taxonomic studies (Urban and Gilg, 1900;Gilg, 1925;Darlington, 1934;Daniels, 1970;Brown, 1971;Poston and Thompson, 1977;Poston and Nowicke, 1993;Hempel, 1995;Weigend, 1997). We intensified taxon sampling when possible in clades of the family found by Moody et al (2001) to examine the composition of monophyletic groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hufford (1988) first applied phylogenetic systematics to problems of monophyly in the Loasaceae; however, his analysis of morphological characters derived strictly from the literature resolved few relationships. Subsequent phylogenetic studies by Poston and Nowicke (1993) and Hempel (1995;Hempel and Jansen, 1996) were hampered by limited taxon sampling. Moody et al (2001) considerably advanced our understanding of relationships in Loasaceae in a phylogenetic study that sampled taxa broadly within the family and applied analyses of DNA sequences of the plastid gene matK to examine the placement of gronovioids.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The major clades of Loasaceae: phylogenetic analysis using the plastid matK and trnL‐trnF regions

Hufford

McMahon

Sherwood

et al. 2003

American J of Botany

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Phylogenetic analyses of Loasaceae that apply DNA sequence data from the plastid trnL-trnF region and matK gene in both maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood searches are presented. The results place subfamily Loasoideae as the sister of a subfamily Gronovioideae-Mentzelia clade. Schismocarpus is the sister of the Loasoideae-Gronovioideae-Mentzelia clade. The Schismocarpus-Loasoideae-Gronovioideae-Mentzelia clade is the sister of Eucnide. Several clades in Loasoideae receive strong support, providing insights on generic circumscription problems. Within Mentzelia, several major clades receive strong support, which clarifies relationships among previously circumscribed sections. Prior taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses are modeled using topology constraints in parsimony and likelihood analyses; tree lengths and likelihoods, respectively, are compared from constrained and unconstrained analyses to evaluate the relative support for various hypotheses. We use the Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) test to establish the significance of the differences between constrained and unconstrained topologies. The SH test rejects topologies based on hypotheses for (1) the placement of gronovioids as the sister of the rest of Loasaceae, (2) the monophyly of subfamily Mentzelioideae as well as Gronovioideae and Loasoideae, (3) the monophyly of Loasa sensu lato as circumscribed by Urban and Gilg, and (4) the monophyly of Mentzelia torreyi and Mentzelia sect. Bartonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The major clades of Loasaceae: phylogenetic analysis using the plastid matK and trnL‐trnF regions

Hufford

McMahon

Sherwood

et al. 2003

American J of Botany

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“…Critical identification was made by x1,000 magnification based on standard literature (Bonnefille & Riollet, 1980;Gosling, Miller, & Livingstone, 2013;Leźine, 2005;Schüler & Hemp, 2016;Scott, 1982), taxonomical studies (Banks & Lewis, 2018;Poston & Nowicke, 1993), and online pollen catalogues (Bremond, 2011). Critical identification was made by x1,000 magnification based on standard literature (Bonnefille & Riollet, 1980;Gosling, Miller, & Livingstone, 2013;Leźine, 2005;Schüler & Hemp, 2016;Scott, 1982), taxonomical studies (Banks & Lewis, 2018;Poston & Nowicke, 1993), and online pollen catalogues (Bremond, 2011).…”

Section: Pollen and Palynomorph Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 400 pollen grains were counted per sample using a microscope of x400 magnification. Critical identification was made by x1,000 magnification based on standard literature (Bonnefille & Riollet, 1980;Gosling, Miller, & Livingstone, 2013;Leźine, 2005;Schüler & Hemp, 2016;Scott, 1982), taxonomical studies (Banks & Lewis, 2018;Poston & Nowicke, 1993), and online pollen catalogues (Bremond, 2011). We differentiate the Acacia type into Vachellia and Senegalia by means of columella identification (Kyalangalilwa, Boatwright, Daru, Maurin, & van der Bank, 2013).…”

Section: Pollen and Palynomorph Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation state changes in the course of shrub encroachment in an African savanna since about 1850 CE and their potential drivers

Tabares

Zimmermann

Dietze

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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1. Shrub encroachment has far-reaching ecological and economic consequences in many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, compositional changes associated with shrub encroachment are often overlooked despite having important effects on ecosystem functioning.2. We document the compositional change and potential drivers for a northern Namibian Combretum woodland transitioning into a Terminalia shrubland. We use a multiproxy record (pollen, sedimentary ancient DNA, biomarkers, compoundspecific carbon (δ 13 C) and deuterium (δD) isotopes, bulk carbon isotopes (δ 13 Corg), grain size, geochemical properties) from Lake Otjikoto at high taxonomical and temporal resolution.3. We provide evidence that state changes in semiarid environments may occur on a scale of one century and that transitions between stable states can span around 80 years and are characterized by a unique vegetation composition. We demonstrate that the current grass/woody ratio is exceptional for the last 170 years, as supported by n-alkane distributions and the δ 13 C and δ 13 Corg records. Comparing vegetation records to environmental proxy data and census data, we infer a complex network of global and local drivers of vegetation change. While our δD record suggests physiological adaptations of woody species to higher atmospheric pCO 2 concentration and drought, our vegetation records reflect the impact of broadscale logging for the mining industry, and the macrocharcoal record suggests a decrease in fire activity associated with the intensification of farming. Impact of selective grazing is reflected by changes in abundance and taxonomical composition of grasses and by an increase of nonpalatable and trampling-resistant taxa.In addition, grain-size and spore records suggest changes in the erodibility of soils because of reduced grass cover. | 963TABARES ET Al.

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Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)

2009

Flowering Plants

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Pollen Morphology, Trichome Types, and Relationships of the Gronovioideae (Loasaceae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

The major clades of Loasaceae: phylogenetic analysis using the plastid matK and trnL‐trnF regions

The major clades of Loasaceae: phylogenetic analysis using the plastid matK and trnL‐trnF regions

Vegetation state changes in the course of shrub encroachment in an African savanna since about 1850 CE and their potential drivers

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)

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