Pollen Donor Position and Climate Factor Affecting Fruit Production of Nutmeg

Abstract

<em>The quality and quantity of nutmeg fruit, seed and mace can be improved through managing fruit and seed production. Fruit development was affected by climate, flower initiation and pollination process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between climate, position, distance of pollen donor to female nutmeg trees, and the ratio of female and male trees to nutmeg yield. The study was conducted at the nutmeg germplasm collection garden at Cicurug (550 m asl), Sukabumi, tested 295 nutmeg trees from 27 locations in Indonesia. Data production of female trees was based on 2005-2017 data. All nutmeg trees were mapped using the GPS Garmin 76c5x. Tree sex was determined by male or female flowers domination in each tree. Correlation of the climate factors and production was analyzed using Pearson Correlation. The distance, position and the proportion of female to male trees were evalated by t-test at 5% level. Ratio of female and male trees to produce high yield was 4 : 1. Rainfall (280-430 mm/month) and temperature (24 - 25<sup>o </sup>C) during the pollination period (8-7 months before harvesting) were <em>positively correlated with production by 57.9 % and 82.3 %. The position and distance of pollen donors to female trees had no effect on production. However, the distance between pollen donors and female trees above 15 m produced an average production equal to 15 m. The number of trees around tree samples had no effect on nutmeg production, but light intensity at 61,425-88,480 lux absorbed by trees could enhance the yield. Nutmeg required sunlight to penetrate plant canopy in order to induce fruit production.</em></em>

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN TANAMAN Gmelina moluccana (RE-NUMERASI KEDELAPAN)

“…Pada tahun kedelapan belum ada pohon yang berbunga maupun berbuah. Kemampuan pohon berbuah tergantung pada banyaknya pohon yang berbunga dan faktor polinasi (Hidayat, 2010;Apituley et al,2012;Purwiyanti et al,2018).…”

Effect of natural male and female (sex ratio) on nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) production on Maluku

“…Thus, in addition to the composition (sex ratio), the correct position between female and male plants in the field also needs to be considered so that female plants can produce optimally. [18] states that nutmeg pollination will be successful if there are 10% of the most popular scattered trees in the population, while according to MOA 50/2015 the ratio of male to female trees in the garden area is at least 1:20. This comparison is difficult to obtain because based on the results of chromosome analysis on germinated nutmeg seeds, the ratio of male: female (androecious: gynoecious) trees is 1: 1 [15] Furthermore [19] reported that nutmeg trees in four areas in Fakfak had a higher number of female trees than the number of male trees.…”

The improvement of grafting success of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Hout.) by hooding and fogging

“…However, the number of male flowers within the monoecious tree was higher than the female ones, so the monoecious/hermaphrodite tree produced less fruit [1] further, observations in the field showed that the closer the distance between the male and the female plants, the denser the fruit due to more intensive pollination [2]. Although the position and distance of male trees from female trees did not significantly affect fruit yield, the distance between male trees and female trees of more than 15 m resulted in the same average fruit yield of less than 15 m [3]. However, the position of female and male plants still needs to be considered so that female plants can produce optimally.…”