Pollen concentrations inside private cars during the Poaceae and<i>Artemisia</i>spp. pollen season – a case study

Hugg, Timo T.; Valtonen, Anu; Rantio-Lehtimäki, A.

doi:10.1080/00173130701374551

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An equally important indoor air environment is that of the cabin of vehicles which are more and more often conventionally equipped with the air-conditioning system. So far, the studies of indoor air quality in vehicles were focused on estimation of passengers and drivers’ exposure to particulate matters (PM) (Riediker et al 2003 ; Zeldin et al 2006 ; Knibbs et al 2010 ), carbonyl compounds (Pang and Mu 2007 ), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) (Riediker et al 2003 ; Parra et al 2008 ; Janicka et al 2011 ), and to a lower extent—to vegetable pollen (Hugg et al 2007 ). There are few studies describing vehicle users’ exposure to bioaerosols, especially fungal aerosol (Lee and Jo 2005 ; Li et al 2013 ; Vonberg et al 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the air condition system in busses spread allergic fungi into driver space?

Sowiak

Kozajda

Jeżak

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this study was to establish whether the air-conditioning system in buses constitutes an additional source of indoor air contamination with fungi, and whether or not the fungi concentration depends on the period from the last disinfection of the system, combined with replacement of the cabin dust particle filter. The air samples to fungi analysis using impact method were taken in 30 buses (20 with an air-conditioning system, ACS; 10 with a ventilation system, VS) in two series: 1 and 22 weeks after cabin filter replacement and disinfection of the air-conditioning system. During one test in each bus were taken two samples: before the air-conditioning or ventilation system switched on and 6 min after operating of these systems. The atmospheric air was the external background (EB). After 1 week of use of the system, the fungi concentrations before starting of the ACS and VS system were 527.8 and 1053.0 cfu/m3, respectively, and after 22 weeks the concentrations were 351.9 and 1069.6 cfu/m3, respectively. While in the sample after 6 min of ACS and VS system operating, the fungi concentration after 1 week of use was 127.6 and 233.7 cfu/m3, respectively, and after 22 weeks it was 113.3 and 324.9 cfu/m3, respectively. Results do not provide strong evidence that air-conditioning system is an additional source of indoor air contamination with fungi. A longer operation of the system promoted increase of fungi concentration in air-conditioned buses only.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the air condition system in busses spread allergic fungi into driver space?

Sowiak

Kozajda

Jeżak

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Rotating arm impactors have been used for routine monitoring, but are perhaps more commonly employed as field instruments, for example [10,27,28,29]. The Model 20 is one of two Rotorod models currently produced commercially.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative efficiencies of the Burkard 7-Day, Rotorod and Burkard Personal samplers for Poaceae and Urticaceae pollen under field conditions

Peel

Kennedy

Smith

et al. 2014

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. In aerobiological studies it is often necessary to compare concentration data recorded with different models of sampling instrument. Sampler efficiency typically varies from device to device, and depends on the target aerosol and local atmospheric conditions. To account for these differences inter-sampler correction factors may be applied, however for many pollen samplers and pollen taxa such correction factors do not exist and cannot be derived from existing published work. Materials and methods. In this study, the relative efficiencies of the Burkard 7-Day Recording Volumetric Spore Trap, the Sampling Technologies Rotorod Model 20, and the Burkard Personal Volumetric Air Sampler were evaluated for Urticaceae and Poaceae pollen under field conditions. The influence of wind speed and relative humidity on these efficiency relationships was also assessed. Data for the two pollen taxa were collected during 2010 and 2011-2012, respectively. Results. The three devices were found to record significantly different concentrations for both pollen taxa, with the exception of the 7-Day and Rotorod samplers for Poaceae pollen. Under the range of conditions present during the study, wind speed was found to only have a significant impact on inter-sampler relationships involving the vertically-orientated Burkard Personal sampler, while no interaction between relative efficiency and relative humidity was observed. Conclusions. Data collected with the three models of sampler should only be compared once the appropriate correction has been made, with wind speed taken into account where appropriate.

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“…Rotorods have a rotating arm that traps particles onto two rapidly spinning polystyrene rods. The samplers have a wide range of applications, from healthcare-related studies (Hugg et al 2007; Hugg and Rantio-Lehtimäki 2007) to studies on the dispersal dynamics of plant species (Aylor 2005; Aylor et al 2006; Van Hout et al 2008; Spijkerboer et al 2002). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does insect netting affect the containment of airborne pollen from (GM-) plants in greenhouses?

et al. 2011

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Greenhouses are a well-accepted containment strategy to grow and study genetically modified plants (GM) before release into the environment. Various containment levels are requested by national regulations to minimize GM pollen escape. We tested the amount of pollen escaping from a standard greenhouse, which can be used for EU containment classes 1 and 2. More specifically, we investigated the hypothesis whether pollen escape could be minimized by insect-proof netting in front of the roof windows, since the turbulent airflow around the mesh wiring could avoid pollen from escaping. We studied the pollen flow out of greenhouses with and without insect netting of two non-transgenic crops, Ryegrass (Loliummultiflorum) and Corn (Zea Mays). Pollen flow was assessed with Rotorod® pollen samplers positioned inside and outside the greenhouse’ roof windows. A significant proportion of airborne pollen inside the greenhouse leaves through roof windows. Moreover, the lighter pollen of Lolium escaped more readily than the heavier pollen of Maize. In contrast to our expectations, we did not identify any reduction in pollen flow with insect netting in front of open windows, even under induced airflow conditions. We conclude that insect netting, often present by default in greenhouses, is not effective in preventing pollen escape from greenhouses of wind-pollinated plants for containment classes 1 or 2. Further research would be needed to investigate whether other alternative strategies, including biotic ones, are more effective.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10453-011-9237-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Pollen concentrations inside private cars during the Poaceae andArtemisiaspp. pollen season – a case study

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Does the air condition system in busses spread allergic fungi into driver space?

Does the air condition system in busses spread allergic fungi into driver space?

Relative efficiencies of the Burkard 7-Day, Rotorod and Burkard Personal samplers for Poaceae and Urticaceae pollen under field conditions

Does insect netting affect the containment of airborne pollen from (GM-) plants in greenhouses?

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