Politik Identitas Islam Indonesia Kontemporer: Radikalisme Islam Versus Moderatisme Islam dalam Politik Elektoral Pilpres 2019 (Contemporary Indonesian Islamic Identity Politics: Islamic Radicalism Versus Islamic Moderatism in the 2019 Presidential Election Electoral Politics)

Abstract

This article examines an important aspect that has not been widely studied in previous writings, namely the dimensions of the contestation of radical Islamic groups and moderate Islamic groups in the 2019 electoral political stage. The representation of radical Islam is represented by the GNPF-MUI which includes Islamic organizations such as FPI, FUI, Larkar Jihad and others. Meanwhile, moderate Islam is represented by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), some Muhammadiyah and other moderate mass organizations. Behind the frenzy of "Action for Defending Islam" 411, 212, reunion 212, as well as other issues during the 2019 presidential election electoral campaign, there is actually an aspect of the contestation of the two camps in the struggle for Islam in the public sphere and in power politics. Radical Islamic groups carrying the spirit of nativism 'Islamic populism' voiced the agenda of 'political Islam' into the realm of state power through the Prabowo-Sandi camp. Meanwhile, identity political groups are still promoting 'Islam wasyatiyah' with the symbol of the Republic of Indonesia at a fixed price through the Jokowi-Amin camp. This article is based on a qualitative method with a literature study approach from various sources. From the contestation of the two groups, in the end, moderate Islam won, represented by the election of the Jokowi-Makruf Amin pair. Amin, no doubt, does represent the moderate current of Islam where he previously served as Rais Aam of the Nahdlatul Ulama (PBNU) Executive Board. In addition, the pair's victory shows that the dynamics of moderate Islam in Indonesia are still embraced by the majority of Muslims in Indonesia.Keywords: Identity politics; Radical Islam; moderate Islam; 2019 presidential election. ABSTRAK Artikel ini menelaah tentang aspek penting yang belum banyak dikaji tulisan-tulisan sebelumnya, yakni dimensi kontestasi kelompok radikal Islam dan kelompok Islam moderat dalam panggung politik elektoral 2019. Representasi dari Islam radikal diwakili GNPF-MUI yang di dalam terdapat ormas Islam seperti FPI, FUI, Larkar Jihad dan sebagainya. Sedangkan, Islam moderat direpresentasi oleh ormas Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), sebagian Muhammadiyah dan ormas moderat lainnya. Di balik hingar-bingar “Aksi Bela Islam” 411, 212, reuni 212, maupun isu lain selama kampanye politik elektoral Pilpres 2019, sesungguhnya terdapat aspek kontestasi dua kubu tersebut dalam perebutan Islam dalam ruang publik maupun politik kekuasaan. Kelompok Islam radikal mengusung semangat nativisme ‘populisme Islam’ menyuarakan agenda ‘Islam politik’ ke dalam ranah kekuasaan negara melalui kubu Prabowo-Sandi. Sedangkan, kelompok politik identitas tengah tetap menggelorakan ‘Islam wasyatiyah’ dengan simbol NKRI harga mati melalui kubu Jokowi-Amin. Artikel ini berbasis metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur dari berbagai sumber. Dari kontestasi kedua kelompok tersebut, pada akhirnya dimenangkan oleh Islam moderat yang direpresentasi melalui terpilihnya pasangan Jokowi-Makruf Amin. Amin, tidak diragukan, memang mewakili arus Islam moderat di mana ia sebelumnya menjabat sebagai Rais Aam Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama (PBNU). Selain itu, kemenangan pasangan ini menunjukkan dinamika Islam moderat di Indonnesia masih dianut mayoritas muslim di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Politik identitas; Islam radikal; Islam moderat; pilpres 2019.

Narrative of Identity Politics in the 2024 Presidential Elections of the Republic of Indonesia: Critical Discourse Analysis

“…The research results show that identity political orientation and political representation influence the democratic process in the 2018-2022 DKI Regional Election case (Nasrudin, 2019). The victory of the Jokow-Makruf Amin pair in the 2019 presidential election shows that the dynamics of moderate Islam in Indonesia are still adhered to by the majority of Muslims in Indonesia (Rubaidi & Setianingsih, 2021).…”

Jamaah Tabligh Dan Pergeseran Identitas Politik Keagamaan Pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019 Di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat

“…Dalam konteks Indonesia, politik identitas mulai mengemuka kembali pasca-reformasi yang ditandai dengan mendominasinya wacana Islam di ruang publik melalui berbagai gerakan politik elektoral selama masa kampanye pada kontestasi Pilkada DKI Jakarta dan terus berlanjut sampai Pilpres 2019. Dalam banyak kasus (termasuk pada Pilpres 2019), politik identitas ini muncul pada kondisi di mana suatu kelompok (yang pada akhirnya menggunakan politik identitas) mengalami diskriminasi, ketidakadilan, dan termarginalkan baik secara ekonomi, sosial, budaya, politik, dan sebagainya (Rubaidi & Setianingsih, 2021).…”

Identity Politics in the Construction of Electoral Laws: A Qualitative Analysis

“…The Islamic group proposed that the state policy include seven words, "With the obligation to observe Islamic law for its adherents." The proposal was approved by the BPUPKI meeting, June 22, 1945, but finally there was a compromise so that the formulation agreed by the PPKI was Pancasila which became the basis of the state until now (Rubaidi and Setianingsih 2019). After Indonesia's independence, identity politics with a religious spirit gave birth to Darul Islam and the Indonesian Islamic Army (DI/TII) (Wahid, 2019).…”

“…The analysis used is juridical and normative analysis. Identity politics is a political action with efforts to channel aspirations to influence policy, control over the distribution of values that are considered valuable to the most fundamental demand, namely self-determination based on aspects of primordialism (Rubaidi and Setianingsih 2019).…”