“…Much of the literature argues that today's anti-Semitic hate crimes are triggered by the conflicts in the Middle East-often referred to as "new antiSemitism" (e.g., Bacquet, 2009;Bunzl, 2005;Chesler, 2003;Forster & Epstein, 1974;FRA, 2013;Glazer, 2010;Iganski, 2013;Iganski & Kosmin, 2003;Levy, 1991;MacShane, 2008;Marrus et al, 2005;Rensmann & Schoeps, 2010;Silverstein, 2008;Smith, 2012;Taguieff, 2004). Many of these authors argue that a new wave or outbreak of hostility toward Jews in Europe began with the start of the second Palestinian intifada in September 2000 and is still making its presence felt.…”