Political participation and the accessibility of the ballot box

Gimpel, James G.; Schuknecht, Jason E.

doi:10.1016/s0962-6298(03)00029-5

Cited by 156 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Using contiguity matrices with neighbouring regions lying inside a circle of radius of 100 up to 1000 miles, the Moran coefficient decreases from 0.89 to 0.74. This supports the view of Gimpel and Schuknecht (2003) that the squared distance function seems to capture the occurrence of impedance more realistically than the simple inverse distance function. In the following, we therefore confine spatial analysis to the use of a squared distance-based spatial weight matrix.…”

Section: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Of Regional Price Indicessupporting

confidence: 84%

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New economic geography and regional price level

Kosfeld¹,

Eckey²,

Türck³

2007

Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenscha

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract. In view of the lack of area-wide regional price data, Aten and Heston (2005) adopted an econometric approach in estimating regional price level from an international perspective. At a regional level, however, spatial economic theory may contribute to advancement in explaining price level determination. Recently, the market potential approach as an essential element of NEG models has been employed for explaining observed regional land prices (Brakman et al., 2004). The present paper relies on the price mechanisms of the Helpman model (Helpman, 1998) in developing spatial-econometric models for regional price level and its major components. By evaluating a south German sample, first evidence on the empirical significance of NEG-based price level models is provided. Terms of use: Documents in

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Section: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Of Regional Price Indicessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…adjusting for impedances like traffic congestion and topological barriers that tend to occur more frequently with growing distance (Gimpel et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New economic geography and regional price level

Kosfeld¹,

Eckey²,

Türck³

2007

Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenscha

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“…13 For a more detailed survey on costs and gains to vote, see Aldrich (1993), and more specifically on the cost to go to polls, see Gimpel and Schuknecht (2003). 14 Some authors advanced the idea that the costs are always superior to the gains, mainly because of the weakness of p (Tullock, 1968).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and Electoral Turnout in France

Lakhdar

Dubois

2006

Fr Polit

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“…These models include: demographic factors like age (Strate et al 1989), gender , race (Verba, Schlozman, and Brady 1993), marital status (Stoker and Jennings 1995), education (Leighley and Nagler 1992b), income (Leighley and Nagler 1992a), occupational prestige Prewitt 1969a, 1969b), and home ownership (Highton and Wolfinger 2001); attitudinal and behavioral factors like interest in the campaign , access to political information (DiMaggio, Hargittai, and Neuman 2001), general political knowledge (Galston 2001), strength of partisanship (Huckfeldt and Sprague 1992), feelings of civic duty (Blais and Young 1999), internal and external efficacy (Finkel 1985), political trust (Hetherington 1999), church attendance (Cassel 1999), personal skill acquisition , humanitarianism (Jankowski 2007), altruism (Fowler 2006a), and patience (Fowler and Kam 2006); social factors like interpersonal communication (McLeod, Scheufele, and Moy 1999), social identification (Fowler and Kam 2007), group consciousness (Miller, Gurin, and Gurin 1981), socialization (Cho 1999), the status of neighbors (Huckfeldt 1979), political disagreement (Mutz 2002), and social capital (Lake and Huckfeldt 1998); and institutional factors (Jackman and Miller 1995) like closeness of the election (Shachar and Nalebuff 1999), contact from political organizations (Wielhouwer and Lockerbie 1994), campaigns (Ansolabehere and Gerber 1994), civic education (Somit et al 1958), polling locations (Gimpel and Schuknecht 2003), and barriers to registration (Rosenstone and Wolfinger 1978). However...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Genes Predict Voter Turnout

Fowler

Dawes

2008

The Journal of Politics

213

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Fowler, Baker, and Dawes (2008) recently showed in two independent studies of twins that voter turnout has very high heritability. Here we investigate two specific genes that may contribute to variation in voting behavior. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we show that individuals with a polymorphism of the MAOA gene are significantly more likely to have voted in the 2004 presidential election. We also find evidence that an association between a polymorphism of the 5HTT gene and voter turnout is moderated by religious attendance. These are the first results ever to link specific genes to political behavior. Social scientists have shown that basic political attitudes like liberalism and conservatism are likely to be heritable (Alford, Funk, and Hibbing 2005, Hatemi et al. 2007). While the choice of a particular candidate or party does not appear to be heritable, a significant proportion of the variation in the decision to participate in politics can be attributed to genetic factors. Fowler, Baker, and Dawes (2008) recently studied the voting behavior of two populations of twins and showed that heritability accounted for 53% of the variation in validated turnout of those living in Los Angeles county and 72% of the self-reported turnout in a nationally representative sample of young adults. They also showed that heritability accounted for 60% of the variation in a general index of political participation, including contributing to campaigns, running for office, volunteering for political organizations, and attending protests. These results were the first to suggest that humans exhibit inherent variability in their willingness to participate in politics.However, these initial results based on twin studies beg the question ''which genes?'' The natural place to start the search for such genes is among those that have already been shown to account for variation in social behavior. And among these, MAOA and 5HTT are prime candidates. These two genes transcribe neurochemicals that exert a strong influence on the serotonin system in parts of the brain that regulate fear, trust, and social interaction (Bertolino et al. 2005; Eisenberger et al. 2007;Hariri et al. 2002;Hariri et al. 2005;Heinz et al. 2005;Meyer-Lindenberg et al. 2006). MAOA and 5HTT have been studied for more than 20 years, and much is known about the way different versions of their genes regulate transcription, metabolism, and signal transfers between neurons, all of which have an effect on social interactions (Craig 2007). In particular, the less transcriptionally efficient alleles of these genes have been associated with a variety of antisocial behaviors (Rhee and Waldman 2002).In this article, we hypothesize that people with more transcriptionally efficient alleles of the MAOA and 5HTT genes are more likely to vote. An association between a gene and political behavior may also be moderated by environmental factors. This phenomenon is known as a gene-environment (GxE) interaction (Shanahan and Hofer 2005). We therefore...

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Political participation and the accessibility of the ballot box

Cited by 156 publications

References 30 publications

New economic geography and regional price level

New economic geography and regional price level

Climate and Electoral Turnout in France

Two Genes Predict Voter Turnout

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