Political fragmentation of the Dutch Windward Islands

Abstract

The Dutch Windward Islands are examined to see if they throw any light on the problems experienced when very small island communities try to come together to form a larger political unit. The Constitution of 1954, though federal in intent, was unitary in practice, with the main island, Curacao treating the others like municipalities. However the island authorities are capable of asserting themselves against the centre. They control implementation, raise revenue and receive local political support. Because of the small size of the populations and civil services involved, island and federal officials collaborate harmoniously. Leading individuals are important for development, notably St Maarten's Claude Wathey. New initiatives also require effective negotiations to deal with off‐shore tourist organizations. However, there is little significant industry beyond tourism. In 1988 the three Dutch Windward Islands agreed to co‐operate with each other. Decentralization within the largest island could help this cooperation as could a regional association along the lines of the South Pacific Forum.

The Potential of a “Northern Windward Islands”: An Alternative in the North to the Netherlands Antilles

“…4 On the whole, each island has been left to fend for itself particularly since 1984. 5 It became apparent early in 1993 that, when the Dutch extend capital aid to the islands, they expect the money to be repaid with interest. 6 As with loans to developing countries elsewhere, even if interest rates are low, the ultimate effect is to produce more financial hardship, especially when repayments are due.…”

“…In 1988, the Executive Councils of the three island governments agreed to seek institutionalised co-operation. 8 For years before and into the 1990s, those Counsils arranged co-operation on a broad range of activities, including the use of the international airport and the harbour in St. Maarten (most tourists and freight destined for Statia and Saba pass through St. Maarten), and the use of the Medical Centre and related facilities. Also, the police, prison and judicial departments are common to all three; utilities and postal services are integrated; and secondary and post-secondary schools are shared.…”