“…Even among that small sub-set, we can distinguish between those who attribute diversity to the existence of state and sub-state levels of government and those who attribute diversity to demographic variation, including that caused by patterns of migration. For the former, sub-state units of government, such as provinces Elkins, 1974, 1980), Länder (Assion, 1987;Ulram, 1990Ulram, , 1992Blancke and Tiemann, 1993;Yoder, 1998;Plasser and Ulram, 2002) or other sub-state communities (Denemark and Sharman, 1994;Dickson, 1996;Miller et al, 1996;Billiet et al, 2006;Henderson, 2007), have the capacity to inculcate in their populations distinct political norms. Within a single state, then, we might find that the attitudes and behaviours of residents in two neighbouring sub-state units appear dissimilar, even though they may share demographic or economic characteristics that might otherwise produce similar outlooks.…”