Political economy and interaction among late prehistoric polities in the central Philippines: current research in the Dumaguete-Bacong area of southeastern Negros

Bacus, Elisabeth A.

doi:10.7152/bippa.v14i0.11606

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Of particular interest are the $20 sites from which the crania that form the basis for this study were recovered, the majority of which were burial caves ( Figure 1). These sites span a range of dates, with a majority of Asian trade-wares dating from the 14 th to 16 th centuries (Bacus, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying artificially deformed crania

Clark

Dobson

Antón

et al. 2007

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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In this paper we report on a new discriminant function for the identification of artificially deformed crania. Development of the function, based on a sample of deformed and undeformed crania from the Philippines, required visual classification of the sample into deformed and undeformed groups. Working from the observation that deformed crania display flattened frontal and occipital regions, the sample was seriated based on degree of flattening; classification was based on the results of this seriation. The discriminant function, calculated using curvature indices, required only six simple measurements: arc and chord measurements for the frontal (glabella to bregma), parietals (bregma to lambda) and occipital (lambda to opisthion). The function was designed to be conservative, in that a deformed cranium may be classified as undeformed, but the opposite should not occur. Our function classified the undeformed crania with 100% accuracy and deformed crania with 76.9% accuracy, for a total of 91.9% agreement with visual classification. In order to evaluate whether the function is applicable for samples from outside the Philippines, a double blind test was conducted with a large sample of deformed and undeformed crania from a broad geographical and temporal range. For this sample, the function agreed with visual classification in 89.7% of cases; 98.8% of undeformed crania were correctly classified, while deformed crania were identified with 73.7% accuracy. These results demonstrate the utility of the new discriminant function for the classification of artificially deformed crania from diverse contexts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying artificially deformed crania

Clark

Dobson

Antón

et al. 2007

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…The current sample, which comprises 59 complete and nearly complete crania, derives from the University of Michigan Philippine Expedition, directed by Carl E. Guthe from 1922 to 1925. All of the crania used for this analysis were excavated from burial caves in the central and southern Philippines; these sites span a range of dates, with a majority of Asian tradewares dating from the 14th to 16th centuries (Bacus, 1995). Given that this sample includes remains from a range of sites within an active trade region, it is possible that it may not reflect a single biological population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐examining the relationship between cranial deformation and extra‐sutural bone formation

Arsdale

Clark

2012

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The relationship between cranial deformation and the occurrence of extra-sutural bones remains poorly understood. Scholars are divided about whether or not cranial deformation causes an increased occurrence of these bones, and even those who agree that deformation does have an influence often disagree about which locations on the crania are most impacted. Part of this issue clearly stems from the difficulties in finding appropriate samples from which to test the hypothesis that deformation leads to an increased expression of extra-sutural bones. The present study examines the effects of fronto-occipital and occipital-only deformation on the occurrence of extra-sutural bones through an analysis of 59 deformed and undeformed crania from the Philippines. Relative to the undeformed crania, both deformed samples showed an elevated number of extrasutural bones. Using two different statistical tests, we identified a significantly higher occurrence of extrasutural bones at two distinct cranial localities for both the fronto-occipitally deformed crania (coronal suture and asterion) and for those showing only occipital flattening when compared to the undeformed crania (lambdoidal and asterion). However, as our data reveal, individuals with highly elevated occurrences of extrasutural bones are not necessarily deformed. As such, we argue that deformation practices may have a positive impact on the formation of extra-sutural bones; however, future studies using larger samples of deformed and undeformed crania-ideally from the same site-will be necessary to distinguish between the influence of cranial deformation on extra-sutural bone formation relative to other population factors which may play a role in shaping variation in this feature.

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“…Locally produced prestige goods, including earthenware, metal, and glass beads, were used in rituals (e.g., receptions, marriages, rites of passage, mortuary rites) and played an important part in building alliances ( Bacus 1995;Barbosa 1992;Junker 1999 : 168). After a.d. 1000, foreign-made products began to replace locally produced socially and politically charged objects.…”

Section: Archaeological Evidence For Trade In the Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variability in Southeast Asian Dragon Jars: A Case from the Philippines

Dueppen¹

2013

asi

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This article presents the results of a detailed analysis of four dragon jar groups found in the Guthe Collection at the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology. Dragon jars are a class of decorated stoneware storage vessels that were employed in trade throughout Southeast Asia during the second millennium a.d . The jars in this study, recovered from mortuary contexts, are a unique data set due to their wide deposition throughout the southern Philippines. An exploration of intra-group and inter-group patterning has revealed temporal patterns and likely production locales for dragon jar manufacture over the course of the twelfth to seventeenth centuries. These temporal and spatial trends are then applied to the Guthe Collection to examine jar distribution throughout the Philippines over the critical period spanning the emergence of large-scale international commerce in the region. This study contributes a well-defined chronology for a commonly found material class, as well as knowledge of regional trading patterns.

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Political economy and interaction among late prehistoric polities in the central Philippines: current research in the Dumaguete-Bacong area of southeastern Negros

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Identifying artificially deformed crania

Identifying artificially deformed crania

Re‐examining the relationship between cranial deformation and extra‐sutural bone formation

Temporal Variability in Southeast Asian Dragon Jars: A Case from the Philippines

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