First, what explains the increase in hostility toward immigrants? Second, how can receiving society-immigrant relations be improved? After considering a number of individual level factors associated with hostility to immigrants, the focus turns to immigrants as a form of symbolic and material outgroup threat (also discussed by Feddes et al., Chapter 3). Possibilities for improving receiving society-immigrant relations are discussed in the context of contact theory, as well as through social norm interventions that promote a sense of global citizenship. Like other chapters that consider the impact of "immigrants as a threat" (e.g., Huo & Tyler, Chapter 5; Valentim, Chapter 9), the challenge here is to develop solutions that can counter "hot" collective-level emotions, such as group fear, anger, and hostility.