Political Cleavages and the Representation of Social Inequalities in Japan, 1953–2017

5. Political Cleavages, Class Structures, and the Politics of Old and New Minorities in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, 1963–2019

“…This may perhaps be linked to the fact that class cleavages were never strong in Canada, so that no coalition was ever able to bring together the majority of the low-income, lower-educated electorate. Strikingly, the structure of the vote for the NDP in the 1960s was very similar to that of the Japan Socialist Party at the same period (Gethin 2021), being more concentrated among middle-income, urban, and higher-educated voters. 20 The Contemporary Structure of Political Cleavages in Canada Table 3 decomposes the structure of the vote for the main Canadian political parties in the last three elections.…”