“…Related research likened ethnic groups to ''stateless polities that govern themselves […] with unofficial governments'' (Kotler 1969: 8), wherein the primary functions of group elites are The Index of Identity Group Institutionalization: A New… ''legislating, executing, and adjudicating matters for their constituents'' (Breton 2005). Appreciation of identity groups as agents of social and political power and change now provides a theoretical framework for virtually all scholars within the field, as can be seen in Rosenow-Williams (2014), Vlase and Viocu (2014), Anderson (2009), Aptekar (2009, Ramakrishnan and Bloemraad (2008), Bloemraad (2005Bloemraad ( , 2007, Reitz (2005), Fennema (2004), Veronis (2010), Vermeulen (2005Vermeulen ( , 2006, Predelli (2008), Patten (2011), andJohnson (2008). Breton (1964Breton ( , 1991Breton ( , 2005 is perhaps the scholar most associated with major early sociological advances in the study of group organization, autonomy, and collective action.…”