Polish Studies on the KZ Syndrome Might Shed Additional Light on the Diagnostic Category of ‘Enduring Personality Change after Catastrophic Experience’: A Comment on Beltran et al. (2009)

Krysińska, Karolina

doi:10.1159/000304177

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This may result in the individual becoming hypervigilant to the intentions and feelings of others, in attempt to protect himself or herself from further harm [12] , [45] . Even after the trauma has ceased, this response may persist, as is consistent with the observation that interpersonal mistrust is a common long-term posttraumatic outcome [17] , [20] , [40] , [46] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Mechanisms of Psychological Distress following War in the Former Yugoslavia: The Role of Interpersonal Sensitivity

et al. 2014

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While high prevalence rates of psychological symptoms have been documented in civilian survivors of war, little is known about the mechanisms by which trauma exposure might lead to poor psychological outcomes in these populations. One potential mechanism that may underpin the association between war-related traumatic experiences and psychopathology is interpersonal sensitivity. In the current study, we applied structural equation modeling to investigate the impact of interpersonal sensitivity on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression symptoms, and anger responses following exposure to war trauma. 3313 survivors of the war in the former Yugoslavia were identified and selected using a multistage, probabilistic sampling frame and random walk technique. Participants were interviewed regarding trauma exposure, interpersonal sensitivity, and PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and anger responses. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the relationship between trauma and PTSD symptoms and depression symptoms was partly statistically mediated by interpersonal sensitivity. Further, findings indicated that the relationship between trauma and anger responses was fully statistically mediated by interpersonal sensitivity. These results suggest that interpersonal sensitivity may function as a key mechanism that contributes to psychopathology following trauma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Mechanisms of Psychological Distress following War in the Former Yugoslavia: The Role of Interpersonal Sensitivity

et al. 2014

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“…The current results suggested that self-stigma for seeking help was a more pervasive barrier in terms of its impact on help-seeking, compared to self-stigma for PTSD, affecting intentions to seek help from professionals, community sources, and marginal effects on social sources. Findings from qualitative studies conducted with participants from a refugee background suggest that a lack of trust stemming from persecution experiences [38,48,49,50] and fear of breaches of confidentiality are important concerns for these individuals, which consequently affect help-seeking intentions and behavior [18,51,52,53]. Specifically, concerns about confidentiality could be related to a general fear of authority figures [18], a lack of trust in an interpreter who may be a part of the clients extended social network [51,53], or concern that details, which could compromise the safety of other family members living in the country of origin, will be shared [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Mental Health Help-Seeking Amongst Refugee Men

Byrow

Pajak

McMahon

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Rates of help-seeking for mental health problems are low amongst refugee communities, despite the high prevalence of PTSD reported amongst these individuals. Research suggests that the key barriers to seeking help for psychological problems include structural barriers (e.g., unstable housing), cultural barriers (e.g., mental health stigma), and barriers specific to refugees and asylum seekers (e.g., visa status). This study examined the effect of structural, cultural and refugee specific barriers on the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and intentions to seek help from professional, social, and community sources. Data was collected from 103 male refugees and asylum seekers with an Arabic-, Farsi-, or Tamil-speaking background. Participants completed measures indexing demographics, trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, mental health stigma, and help-seeking intentions. Path analyses indicated that PTSD severity was associated with lower help-seeking intentions indirectly via mental health stigma (self-stigma for seeking help and self-stigma for PTSD) and visa security. PTSD severity was also associated with greater help-seeking intentions from community members indirectly via structural barriers. These findings are important to consider when identifying key barriers to mental health help-seeking and developing interventions designed to increase help-seeking for psychological problems, within this group.

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“…Consequently, this leads to war survivors’ distrust of and hypervigilance to other people’s intentions to protect themselves and avoid further maltreatment ( Foa, Zinbarg, & Rothbaum, 1992 ; Hagenaars et al, 2011 ; Nickerson et al, 2014 ). Furthermore, interpersonal sensitivity, mistrust, and other postwar cognitive processes are suggested to be long-term postwar outcomes ( Beltran, Llewellyn, & Silove, 2008 ; Krysinska, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…postwar outcomes (Beltran, Llewellyn, & Silove, 2008;Krysinska, 2010). The findings that interpersonal sensitivity is a key determinant of the relationship between war experiences and mental ill-health have important implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal sensitivity as mediator of the relations between war experiences and mental illness in war-affected youth in northern Uganda: Findings from the WAYS study.

Amone-P’Olak¹,

Elklit²

2018

Traumatology

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The pathways from war experiences to mental health problems are poorly understood. The current study aims to assess the role of interpersonal sensitivity in the relations between war experiences and mental health problems based on data from the War-Affected Youth Survey cohort study. The War-Affected Youth Survey is an ongoing research project of formerly abducted children in Northern Uganda assessing their war experiences and the risk and protective factors in the development of mental health problems. Mediation of the relations between war experiences and mental health problems by interpersonal sensitivity was analyzed using structural equation modeling. War experiences were related to posttraumatic stress disorder through interpersonal sensitivity accounting for 55% of the variance in their relations, to depression/anxiety through interpersonal sensitivity accounting for 89% of the variance in their relations (i.e., near complete mediation), and to psychotic symptoms through interpersonal sensitivity accounting for 53% of the variance in their relations. The direct relation between war experiences, on the one hand, and posttraumatic stress disorder and psychotic symptoms, on the other hand, attenuated but remained statistically significant. For depression/anxiety, the direct relationship ceased to be significant after including interpersonal sensitivity in the model. Interpersonal sensitivity is an important determinant of long-term mental health problems in war-affected youth. Interventions to improve mental health should target youth with high scores on interpersonal sensitivity. Cognitive–behavioral therapy to recognize and change cognitive schemas in youth prone to interpersonal sensitivity is recommended.

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Polish Studies on the KZ Syndrome Might Shed Additional Light on the Diagnostic Category of ‘Enduring Personality Change after Catastrophic Experience’: A Comment on Beltran et al. (2009)

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Mechanisms of Psychological Distress following War in the Former Yugoslavia: The Role of Interpersonal Sensitivity

Mechanisms of Psychological Distress following War in the Former Yugoslavia: The Role of Interpersonal Sensitivity

Barriers to Mental Health Help-Seeking Amongst Refugee Men

Interpersonal sensitivity as mediator of the relations between war experiences and mental illness in war-affected youth in northern Uganda: Findings from the WAYS study.

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