Polish DGPS System: 1995–2017 – Study of Positioning Accuracy

Abstract

This paper is the fourth in a series of publications presenting the process of installation, testing and long-term assessment of the navigational parameters of the Polish DGPS system. This series of publications intends to present – to the general public – the accomplishments of teams of Polish scientists who have been working for years to make the DGPS the main positioning system used in the Polish sea areas. A considerable part of the materials presented in this paper has never been published. The article presents changes in the position accuracy of the Polish DGPS system over 20 years. Both dynamic tests performed on vessels as well as static measurements campaigns were analysed. The publication contains selected results achieved in its installation and testing in 1995–1997 supplemented with the results of studies conducted in the years: 2006, 2010, 2014, 2017. During this period the position accuracy increased from 2–8 m (1996) to approx. 1–2 m (2010) due to three reasons: turning – off the Selective Availability (2000), technical modernization of reference stations (2010) and continuous – over many years – reducing GPS signal-in-space pseudorange errors, which results in increased position accuracy in all GPS augmentation systems.

Method of Evaluating the Positioning System Capability for Complying with the Minimum Accuracy Requirements for the International Hydrographic Organization Orders

“…For example, in 1993, the system still failed to meet the positioning requirements for car navigation due to the accuracy being too low (100 m, p = 0.95), while in 2001 it could be successfully used in this application, which required an accuracy of a few meters. A similar increase in positioning accuracy has been observed for all GPS augmentation systems [13,14,15,16,17].…”

Maritime DGPS System Positioning Accuracy as a Function of the HDOP in the Context of Hydrographic Survey Performance

“…The results of the DGPS system's accuracy were compared with the studies out based on the same station, the same receiver, and under the same conditions 8 presents the results of these campaigns from the years 2006, 2009, and 2014 which very long measurement campaigns of approx. 1-3 million fixes were carrie well [40]. A comparison of the results shows that the DGPS system currently enables i hydrography, in particular, the Exclusive Order.…”

“…Figure 8 presents the results of these campaigns from the years 2006, 2009, and 2014, during which very long measurement campaigns of approx. 1-3 million fixes were carried out as well [40].…”

Testing the Positioning Accuracy of GNSS Solutions during the Tramway Track Mobile Satellite Measurements in Diverse Urban Signal Reception Conditions

“…Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Galileo [1][2][3][4], and their augmentation systems [Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) [5][6][7][8]] are widely used in various branches of transport, including maritime, air and land, as well as rail transport [9][10][11][12]. There are three major areas in rail transport, in which satellite systems can be applied: passenger information, rail traffic management and rail traffic control [13][14][15].…”