Polish adaptation and validation of the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA) questionnaire: a cross-sectional validation study

Abstract

ObjectivesTo develop a Polish adaptation of the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA)questionnaire.DesignCross-sectional validation study.SettingsNurses working in surgical and cancer wards in Poland.ParticipantsA sample of 513 professionally active nurses was enrolled in the study.InterventionTo complete a Polish translation of the full original PIRNCA questionnaire.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was translation and adaptation of the full original PIRNCA tool and its validation to the Polish conditions. The secondary outcome was determination of relationships between sociodemographic variables, nurses’ assessment of patient care quality and their overall job satisfaction on the one hand, and PIRNCA scores on the other.ResultsThe respondents’ mean score was 1.27 points (SD=0.68) on a scale from 0 to 3. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire instrument was 0.957. All items of the questionnaire were found to have a positive item-total correlation. The developed linear regression model showed that nurses’ assessment of patient care quality and their overall job satisfaction were independent predictors of PIRNCA scores (p<0.05). 94.15% of nurses reported rationing at least one of the 31 care activities.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate a high level of reliability and validity of the translated PIRNCA questionnaire, fully comparable to that of the original. The questionnaire can be used for the assessment of PIRNCA in Polish hospitals.

Satisfaction With Life, Satisfaction With Job, and the Level of Care Rationing Among Polish Nurses—A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Aiken et al ( 2013 ) revealed that the proportion of nurses unsatisfied with their job dramatically differ depending on the country of their work — in the Netherlands, only 11% of surveyed nurses reported no satisfaction with work, compared with 56% in Greece. The level of satisfaction with job should be continuously monitored by the management, since it was demonstrated that nurses unsatisfied with job ration the nursing care from 2.6 (White et al, 2019 ) to 3.4 (Clark and Lake, 2020 ) times more frequently compared with nurses reporting satisfaction with job, which was proved in studies conducted by other authors (Jones, 2014 ; Clark and Lake, 2020 ; Friganovic et al, 2020 ; Gurková et al, 2020 ; Uchmanowicz et al, 2020a , b ; Zeleníková et al, 2020 ), as well as in this study. A low level of satisfaction with job also translates into a greater willingness to resign from work, and consequently, into staff shortages.…”

Rationing of Nursing Care in Intensive Care Units

“…Data were collected using an author’s survey questionnaire consisting of 13 questions constituting the metric, and three open and 10 closed questions. To measure the main variables, the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA) [ 19 ] and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) [ 20 ] surveys were used.…”

“…The translated PIRNCA questionnaire indicates a high level of reliability and validity, fully comparable to that of the original. The questionnaire can be used for the assessment of PIRNCA in Polish hospitals [ 19 ].…”

Rationing of Nursing Care and Patient Safety

“…Thus, the total score ranges between 0 and 3, and may be interpreted as follows: higher scores indicate more perceived implicit rationing of nursing care. We employed the Polish version of PIRNCA adapted by Uchmanowicz et al (2020) that confirmed the unidimensional structure and internal consistency of the Polish version of the measurement. The reliability of the Polish version of the tool assessed by Cronbach’s alpha indicating high reliability (α = 0.957) ( Uchmanowicz et al, 2020 ).…”

“…We employed the Polish version of PIRNCA adapted by Uchmanowicz et al (2020) that confirmed the unidimensional structure and internal consistency of the Polish version of the measurement. The reliability of the Polish version of the tool assessed by Cronbach’s alpha indicating high reliability (α = 0.957) ( Uchmanowicz et al, 2020 ). In this study, the Cronbach’s alpha yielded 0.977 and confirmed that the Polish version of PIRNCA is the reliable measure.…”