Polioencephalomalacia in two alpacas

Beck, Corina U.; Dart, AJ; Mb, Collins; Hodgson,; Parbery, J

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb15442.x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although some camelids with polioencephalomalacia, particularly those in scientific reports, have been exposed to some of these risk factors, namely, high-energy feeds, feed changes within 3 to 5 days, dewormers, or amprolium, many have not. [9][10][11][12][13] Most reported cases involve adults, but preruminant crias account for half or more of our cases; whether this suggests dietary thiamine inadequacy or another mechanism is unknown.…”

Section: Cerebral Edemamentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Disorders of the Neurologic System and Special Senses

Cebra¹,

Gemensky-Metzler²

2014

Llama and Alpaca Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Cerebral Edemamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…12 The globe has been retropulsed to elevate the normal nictitans and haired, fleshy caruncle of the medial canthus. The caruncle contains sebaceous glands that contribute to the lipid layer of the tear film.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorders of the Neurologic System and Special Senses

Cebra¹,

Gemensky-Metzler²

2014

Llama and Alpaca Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Eine Polioenzephalomalazie entsteht bei Neuweltkamelen aus unterschiedlichen Ursachen, dazu zählt der von Wiederkäuern bekannte Vitamin-B1-Mangel , der bei Neuweltkamelen beispielsweise bei nicht fachgerechtem Futterwechsel beobachtet wird (Futterwechsel erfolgt zu schnell) oder auch in Kombination mit einer C1-Azidose auftreten kann, da in beiden Fällen die Bildung von Thiamin durch die Vormagenflora gestört ist. Als klinische Leitsymptome sind zentrale Blindheit, Opisthotonus und Festliegen zu beobachten 3 , 7 , 8 . Als weitere Ursache für die Entstehung einer Polioenzephalomalazie ist die Empfindlichkeit dieser Tiere gegenüber Hyperinfusionen bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen einer Hypoproteinämie sowie Hyperglykämie zu nennen 6 .…”

Section: Verschiedene Neurologische Erkrankungenunclassified

Lamas und Alpakas – der neurologische Patient

Franz

2023

veterinär spiegel

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reported causes of intracranial neurologic disease in South American camelids include listeriosis, cerebrospinal nematodiasis caused by Parelaphostrongylus tenuis , polioencephalomalacia, viral encephalitides, intracranial abscessation, and bacterial meningoencephalitis . Intracranial neoplasms, including teratoma, gemistocytic astrocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, and meningioma, have been reported in alpacas and Bactrian camels .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Disease Attributed to a Pituitary Adenoma in an Alpaca

Gilsenan¹,

Habecker

Coyne

et al. 2012

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 14-year-old 80-kg castrated male Huacaya alpaca was evaluated because of a gradual onset of behavioral changes. The owner had perceived decreased feed intake and abnormal behavior during the 7 days before admission. Decreased feed intake had progressed to complete inappetence by 3 days before admission. The alpaca often was separated from the herd and was not observed to lie down on its own. No improvement was appreciated after treatment with tulathromycin before admission (dosage unknown). The alpaca was known to be vaccinated annually for rabies and clostridial diseases and was dewormed regularly (medications, dosage, and frequency unknown).On examination, the alpaca was obtunded and somnolent. Rectal temperature was normal (38.6°C). Heart rate was increased at 92 beats/min and respiratory rate was normal at 16 breaths/min. The alpaca was in good body condition. Mucous membranes were pink and capillary refill time was normal. Peripheral lymph nodes palpated normally. Appetite and gastrointestinal motility were poor. Urination and defecation were not observed during examination. The alpaca was ambulatory but had a tendency to walk compulsively and press its head and body against walls without directional preferences or circling. Cranial nerve reflexes, including menace response, were present and appeared within normal limits. Gait analysis indicated a slow pace with asymmetric hypermetria in the hindlimbs, with the left being more severely affected than the right. Spinal reflexes were difficult to assess but appeared normal. In sternal recumbency, the alpaca would lower its neck and press its nose against the ground. Initial neurologic evaluation localized disease to the prosencephalon.Clinical laboratory tests evaluated at admission included CBC, serum biochemical analysis (SBA), fibrinogen concentration, and blood ammonia concentration. Marked leukocytosis (37,110 cells/lL; reference range, 7,500-20,900 cells/lL), neutrophilia (33,028 cells/lL; reference range, 3,130-15,254 cells/ lL), and a regenerative left shift (band neutrophils, 371 cells/lL; reference range, 0-169 cells/lL) were observed on CBC. Abnormalities on SBA included hyperglycemia (281 mg/dL; reference range, 120-132 mg/dL), increased creatinine concentration (1.9 mg/dL; reference range, 1.4-1.7 mg/dL), hypophosphatemia (2.5 mg/dL; reference range, 4.9-7.2 mg/dL), hypoalbuminemia (3.3 g/dL; reference range, 3.7-4.2 g/dL), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (365 U/L; reference range, 106-165 U/L), increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity (62 U/L; reference range, 5-20 U/L), and increased creatine kinase (CK) activity (2827 U/L; reference limits, 3-145 U/L). Serum fibrinogen concentration was increased (762 mg/dL; reference range, 100-500 mg/dL). Blood ammonia concentration was normal (16 lmol/L; references range, 0-30 lmol/L). An inflammatory or infectious disease process was suspected based on hyperfibrinogenemia and a leukocytosis characterized by neutrophilia with a regenerative left shift. Abnormalities on SBA we...

show abstract

Polioencephalomalacia in two alpacas

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Disorders of the Neurologic System and Special Senses

Disorders of the Neurologic System and Special Senses

Lamas und Alpakas – der neurologische Patient

Neurologic Disease Attributed to a Pituitary Adenoma in an Alpaca

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About