Polio Eradication Initiative: Contribution to improved communicable diseases surveillance in WHO African region

Mwengee, William; Okeibunor, Joseph; Poy, Alain; Shaba, Keith; Kinuani, Léon; Minkoulou, Etienne; Yahaya, Ali Ahmed; Gaturuku, Peter; Landoh, Dadja Essoya; Nsubuga, Peter; Salla, Mbaye; Mihigo, Richard; Mkanda, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.060

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These two programmes have been in place since the 1980s and the late 1990s for the expanded programme for immunisation and the IDSR, respectively. The IDSR strategy was adopted by the WHO African region in 1998 and has contributed to the strengthening of real-time surveillance (indicator and event-based) in human health 19–29. However, in several countries, major disparities were observed between the human and animal health sectors.…”

Section: Putting the Current Ihr Capacities Status Into Context And Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the WHO African region, the implementation of the IHR has previously been facilitated by the implementation of the integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) and the disaster risk management strategies 19–29. However, the Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2013–2016 in West Africa highlighted major gaps in IHR implementation 30–33.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulation (2005) capacities: current status and lessons learnt in the WHO African region

et al. 2019

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The International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) are an essential vehicle for addressing global health security. Here, we report the IHR capacities in the WHO African from independent joint external evaluation (JEE). The JEE is a voluntary component of the IHR monitoring and evaluation framework. It evaluates IHR capacities in 19 technical areas in four broad themes: ‘Prevent’ (7 technical areas, 15 indicators); ‘Detect’ (4 technical areas, 13 indicators); ‘Respond’ (5 technical areas, 14 indicators), points of entry (PoE) and other IHR hazards (chemical and radiation) (3 technical areas, 6 indicators). The IHR capacity scores are graded from level 1 (no capacity) to level 5 (sustainable capacity). From February 2016 to March 2019, 40 of 47 WHO African region countries (81% coverage) evaluated their IHR capacities using the JEE tool. No country had the required IHR capacities. Under the theme ‘Prevent’, no country scored level 5 for 12 of 15 indicators. Over 80% of them scored level 1 or 2 for most indicators. For ‘Detect’, none scored level 5 for 12 of 13 indicators. However, many scored level 3 or 4 for several indicators. For ‘Respond’, none scored level 5 for 13 of 14 indicators, and less than 10% had a national multihazard public health emergency preparedness and response plan. For PoE and other IHR hazards, most countries scored level 1 or 2 and none scored level 5. Countries in the WHO African region are commended for embracing the JEE to assess their IHR capacities. However, major gaps have been identified. Urgent collective action is needed now to protect the WHO African region from health security threats.

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Section: Putting the Current Ihr Capacities Status Into Context And Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulation (2005) capacities: current status and lessons learnt in the WHO African region

et al. 2019

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“…The improvement of surveillance systems and data analysis has been spearheaded by the polio program and is critical to improve health systems. In Angola, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and India, AFP surveillance was expanded into the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system, which includes measles, rubella, yellow fever, and neonatal tetanus [ 20 , 21 ]. In Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nigeria, weekly visits to high-risk areas for AFP surveillance were extended to include surveillance for other vaccine-preventable diseases.…”

Section: Polio Expertise Areas Applied To Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences and Lessons From Polio Eradication Applied to Immunization in 10 Focus Countries of the Polio Endgame Strategic Plan

Ent

Mallya

Sandhu

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Nine polio areas of expertise were applied to broader immunization and mother, newborn and child health goals in ten focus countries of the Polio Eradication Endgame Strategic Plan: policy & strategy development, planning, management and oversight (accountability framework), implementation & service delivery, monitoring, communications & community engagement, disease surveillance & data analysis, technical quality & capacity building, and partnerships. Although coverage improvements depend on multiple factors and increased coverage cannot be attributed to the use of polio assets alone, 6 out of the 10 focus countries improved coverage in three doses of diphtheria tetanus pertussis containing vaccine between 2013 and 2015. Government leadership, evidence-based programming, country-driven comprehensive operational annual plans, community partnership and strong accountability systems are critical for all programs and polio eradication has illustrated these can be leveraged to increase immunization coverage and equity and enhance global health security in the focus countries.

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“…Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is the name used for a wide spectrum of neuromuscular diseases, ranging from acute inflammatory motor polyneuropathy to hypo/hyperkalemic paralysis and poliomyelitis and polio-like infections (6)(7)(8)(9). Despite the widespread use of polio vaccine, sporadic cases of acute paralysis similar to paralytic poliomyelitis also occur with other enterovirus serotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

64. Acute flaccid paralysis by Enterovirus D68 infection: First Italian description on adult patient and role of electrophysiology

Ceccanti¹,

Rubino²,

Romanzi³

et al. 2017

Clinical Neurophysiology

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A Peruvian woman was admitted to the Emergency Department, due to an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) of the upper limbs that progressively involved also lower limbs and respiratory muscles. She previously suffered from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and had to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A magnetic resonance imaging showed a T2 hyperintensity in the anterior and central region of the cervical segment with an elective involvement of gray matter. This finding, combined with other clinical, laboratory, and electrophysiological data, led to a diagnosis of AFP. Enterovirus D68 was isolated in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and throat swab. To our knowledge, this is the first Italian case of AFP by Enterovirus D68 infection in an adult. The diagnostic assessment and management of AFP by Enterovirus D68 are discussed.

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Polio Eradication Initiative: Contribution to improved communicable diseases surveillance in WHO African region

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulation (2005) capacities: current status and lessons learnt in the WHO African region

Joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulation (2005) capacities: current status and lessons learnt in the WHO African region

Experiences and Lessons From Polio Eradication Applied to Immunization in 10 Focus Countries of the Polio Endgame Strategic Plan

64. Acute flaccid paralysis by Enterovirus D68 infection: First Italian description on adult patient and role of electrophysiology

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