Polimorfismos genéticos do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona na doença arterial coronariana e na hipertensão arterial sistêmica

Abstract

Palavras-chave: hipertensão. doença arterial coronariana. enzima conversora da angiotensina. angiotensinogênio. polimorfismos. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone on coronary arterial disease and systemic arterial hypertension ABSTRACT: Hypertension is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypertension and atherosclerosis are the two major diseases of the arterial system and are closely associated. The renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) has been identified as a critical path for the control of blood pressure and kidney function. This system has an important role in regulating blood pressure by influencing homeostasis salt / water and therefore having an intimate relationship with the process of hypertension. Since hypertension emerges as a risk factor for CAD, the RAAS is also related to this disease. Most human diseases are polygenic and multifactorial, they are governed by many genes and caused by a combination of factors acting together and simultaneously. Due to the strong relationship already mentioned between RAAS and hypertension and CAD, polymorphisms in candidate genes of this system, as well as polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) and angiotensinogen gene (AGT) have been analyzed extensible as genetics determinants of these diseases. Studies of genetic polymorphisms have several functions, among them the determination of molecular markers linked to disease development. This becomes important because the development of molecular markers may lead to a new prognosis. In the case of CAD and hypertension, changes in the RAAS are closely related to the occurrence of these diseases, and consequently polymorphisms in genes that control this system can direct us to understand how the genetic influences the development of these diseases.