Polihexanide

Kampf, Günter

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98785-9_12

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An increased PHMB activity has been linked to higher levels of oligomerization in the Gram-negative E. coli (Broxton et al, 1983). PHMB has been used predominantly in concentrations between 30 and 32,000 mg/L in recreational water (e.g., swimming pools, artificial fountains) treatment, as well as in wound and burn antisepsis, surfaces and instrument disinfection in hospitals, dentists, farms and food handling settings, and in contact lens solutions, personal care products and fabric softeners preservation (Hübner and Kramer, 2010;Kampf, 2018d;Kathuria et al, 2021;Fox et al, 2022). PHMB shows very low human toxicity or risk of adverse effects (Gilbert and Moore, 2005;Grytsai et al, 2021;Fox et al, 2022;Rippon et al, 2023).…”

Section: Biguanidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PHMB is very persistent in water, also showing a long halflife in this context, which may constitute an issue in aquatic environments as it is classified by ECHA, like CHX and QACs, as "very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects" (European Chemicals Agency [ECHA], 2017[ECHA], , 2023dKampf, 2018d). Also, it is considered to be hydrolytically and photolytically stable (European Chemicals Agency [ECHA], 2017).…”

Section: Biguanidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current insights into the effects of cationic biocides exposure on Enterococcus spp.

Pereira,

Antunes,

Peixe

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cationic biocides (CBs), such as quaternary ammonium compounds and biguanides, are critical for controlling the spread of bacterial pathogens like Enterococcus spp., a leading cause of multidrug-resistant healthcare-associated infections. The widespread use of CBs in recent decades has prompted concerns about the potential emergence of Enterococcus spp. populations exhibiting resistance to both biocides and antibiotics. Such concerns arise from their frequent exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of CBs in clinical, food chain and diverse environmental settings. This comprehensive narrative review aimed to explore the complexity of the Enterococcus’ response to CBs and of their possible evolution toward resistance. To that end, CBs’ activity against diverse Enterococcus spp. collections, the prevalence and roles of genes associated with decreased susceptibility to CBs, and the potential for co- and cross-resistance between CBs and antibiotics are reviewed. Significant methodological and knowledge gaps are identified, highlighting areas that future studies should address to enhance our comprehension of the impact of exposure to CBs on Enterococcus spp. populations’ epidemiology. This knowledge is essential for developing effective One Health strategies that ensure the continued efficacy of these critical agents in safeguarding Public Health.

show abstract