Policy translation in Turkish disability policy: The role and limitations of international organisations

Abstract

This article uses the case study of disability policy in Turkey to investigate how the policy of International Organisations (IOs) influences domestic policy and the ways in which domestic actors ‘assemble’ or re-‘assemble’ policies or construct ‘hybrid’ policy. Sociologists have devoted their efforts to finding reasonable explanations for how influence results in translating the policy ideas of international organisations (IOs) to the domestic context. Historically, IOs have been able to advance global disability policy developments; yet, there has been a significant gap in our knowledge of the detailed mechanisms of how IOs’ influence has been exerted at the domestic context. Drawing on both documentary sources and semistructured interviews, we found a combination of inspirational, and both direct and indirect coercive influence of IOs contributed to policy translation in Turkish disability policy between 1980 and 1999. However, there was no evidence for direct influence of neither IOs headquarters nor IOs Turkish offices in the policy translation in disability.

The Personalisation of Social Care: How Can a Healthcare System Be Adapted to the Specific Characteristics of People with Multiple Impairments? The case of the care of people with “rare disabilities” in France

“…They demanded instead to be integrated into so-called ‘ordinary’ society. In that regard, they supported the concept of mainstreaming (Duygun, 2020; Zola, 1982) and of community care (Morris, 2004; Power et al, 2021; Scourfield, 2005). This protest led to what was called a de-institutionalisation process (Henckes, 2018; Hudson, 1991; Pedersen and Kolstad, 2009; Tøssebro, 2016).…”

The disability employment quota, between social policy and antidiscrimination

“…Moreover, in view of the global character of the employment quota as a policy tool, it is worth stressing that French parliamentary debates around the quota system are very French-centred: no reference to foreign examples or international influences is made. Based on the study of parliamentary debates, the reinforcement of the quota system, for example, cannot be linked to United Nations (UN) recommendations as in the case of Turkey (Duygun, 2020).…”

“…Even though recent reports point to a very limited diffusion of the notions of antidiscrimination and reasonable accommodations in firms, the situation may have been worse had these provisions connected to the quota scheme not previously been available. This ‘hybrid policy’ (Duygun, 2020: 305), as a result of the translation of antidiscrimination law in the French context, however, did go so far as to entail a radical reframing of the quota as an antidiscrimination tool aimed at compensating for structural inequalities. This reveals the very limited appropriation, in France, of an approach to antidiscrimination that goes beyond formal equality.…”

“…The French ‘translation’ (Stone, 2012) of the European directive in the context of the quota system led to a form of hybridization, a ‘hybrid policy’ as is often the case in contemporary disability policies notably under the influence of international organizations (Duygun, 2020: 305). Indeed, as was the case in several EU countries, the quota system was maintained parallel to the introduction of antidiscrimination provisions.…”

Türki̇ye’de Engelli̇li̇k Poli̇ti̇kasinin Gündeme Gelmesi̇nde Uluslararasi Aktörleri̇n Etki̇si̇

“…Çalışmada, Engelliler Hakkında Kanun'un kabul edildiği 2005 yılından itibaren hak temelli yaklaşım bağlamında gelişmeler kaydedildiği tespit edilmektedir. Duygun (2016;2020), uluslararası aktörlerin engelliliğin anaakımlaştırılması hedefine yönelik çabalarını açıklayarak Türkiye politikasını anaakımlaştırma bağlamında değerlendirmektedir. Engelliliğin anaakımlaştırılmasının Türkiye'de parçalı bir seyir izlediği tespit edilmektedir.…”