Policy streams and public service media funding reforms in Germany and Finland

Herzog, Christian; Karppinen, Kari

doi:10.1177/0267323114530581

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In Germany and Finland, for example, the advocates of private media industry objected to the new tax-based funding system of public service media on the grounds that it would threaten the operating conditions of the "independent media sector" and thus decrease genuine diversity and pluralism in the media (Herzog and Karppinen 2014). What counts as genuine diversity and pluralism, of course, is another example of conceptual contestation in media policy (see Karppinen 2013).…”

Section: Conceptual Contestation In European Media Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Talk About When Talk About “Media Independence”

Karppinen

Moe

2016

Javnost - The Public

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Media independence is a contested concept that carries different meanings in different contexts. As a normative ideal, independence can be discussed on many levels, and media organisations, journalists, researchers and regulators often invoke the term in contradictory ways. In contemporary European media policy, the conceptual contestation over the meaning of independence has been further reheated by commercial media's attempts to reframe the distinction between commercial and public service media as a choice between "independent" and "state" media. The digital transformations and the emergence of new media actors and platforms also challenge the meaning and relevance of different conceptions of media independence and dependence. In this article, we discuss the changing uses of the notion of independence in current media policy discourse, including controversies between public service and commercial media, but also other settings where the notion is invoked. We then develop a more fine-tuned understanding of the different dimensions that media independence contains in a contemporary media environment. Finally, we discuss how the relational nature of independence makes it problematic to employ as a normative principle in media policy.

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Section: Conceptual Contestation In European Media Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Talk About When Talk About “Media Independence”

Karppinen

Moe

2016

Javnost - The Public

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“…In both cases the funding reform constituted a major media policy issue with significant implications for the relationship between the state, the market, the public service media system and licence-fee contributors. In their study of the policy processes that preceded the decisions, Herzog and Karppinen (2014) compared the reforms on the basis of Kingdon's "multiple streams" framework of public policymaking. Drawing on the analysis of policy documents and interviews with policymakers and other stakeholders involved in the respective processes, the study investigated how the actual reforms materialized, which other possibilities were neglected and why this was the case.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Texts as Data I: Document Analysis

Karppinen

Moe

2019

The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research

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Collecting and analyzing policy and industry documents is a basic part of most media policy research. The convenience of using existing material produced by public or private institutions can make the use of such documents seem relatively straightforward. However, the selection of relevant documents, their availability, collection and analysis also present methodological problems that researchers need to be aware of. In this chapter, we discuss different understandings of what "documents" are and review basic approaches to collecting and using policy and industry documents in media policy research. We then reflect on the advantages and

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“…The charge of a licence fee on the grounds of the ownership of one television set constitutes nowadays an obsolete idea, considering the new consumption ways (Herzog & Karppinen, 2014). The future of the licence fee is being defined by three alternative options (Nissen, 2006): its expansion to all kinds of devices that can be used to access PSM content, as it happened in Sweden; its complete removal, being substituted by direct subsidy (the Netherlands); or its conversion into a special tax applicable to all citizens or household, an option that has been implemented in Germany and Finland.…”

Section: Funding Models Of European Public Service Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Two-Speed Europe reflected in Public Service Media Funding: a budget based analysis

Juanatey-Boga¹,

Martínez-Fernández²,

Rodríguez-Castro³

2018

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Introduction. European Public Service Media (PSM) faces today challenges regarding innovation, legitimacy and funding. This paper analyzes the evolution of European PSM funding between 2010 and 2016, considering its need for legitimization and update of the different funding models within the EU. Methodology. We analyzed the evolution of the budgets of the European PSM in relation to inhabitants, households and GDP in terms of purchasing power parity. Results. The results confirm the impact of the economic crisis on the budgets of the European PSM. Two triennials can be identified: the first one (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013), marked by budgetary constrictions (-4.1%), and the second one (2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), which shows a slight recovery (4%). We also highlight the differences between Northern and Southern Europe. Conclusions. Ultimately, we conclude that a reformulation of the European PSM business models is required in order to achieve greater stability, adequacy and legitimacy.

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Policy streams and public service media funding reforms in Germany and Finland

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

What We Talk About When Talk About “Media Independence”

What We Talk About When Talk About “Media Independence”

Texts as Data I: Document Analysis

The Two-Speed Europe reflected in Public Service Media Funding: a budget based analysis

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