Policy packages and state engagement: Comparing car-use reduction policy in two Norwegian cities

Tønnesen, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.06.006

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Thirdly, an individual TDM measure itself generally lacks the power to realise the more ambitious policy goal-behavioural change [30]. Finally, the effectiveness of one individual TDM measure is easily influenced by external factors within, or outside, transport systems [31]. As a consequence, single TDM measures have proven to have limited power in changing urban mobility for the better.…”

Section: Tdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Filipe and Macário develop an assessment methodology to evaluate the proper percentage of various measures in one package for various Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) development contexts [39]. Additionally, Tønnesen compares two transport policy packages in two Norwegian cities by analysing the different proportion of each kind of measure in the package [31]. A second dimension looks at the categorizations of measures.…”

Section: Tdm Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport Demand Management Policy Integration in Chinese Cities: A Proposed Analysis of Its Effects

2018

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Transport demand management (TDM) measures are widely regarded as essential tools to deal with traffic issues. Their effectiveness has been under scrutiny. Packaging of TDM measures has recently received much attention from researchers and governments because it can achieve more complex policy goals and resolve the negative effects of single TDM measures. Many studies have examined the concept of policy packaging, the ideal packaging process, and potential barriers at the theoretical level. However, the way TDM packaging as a concept works in a real-world context has received little attention. Additionally, there is little methodology to analyse its characteristics from a dynamic and historical perspective. Therefore, this study provides a methodology for analysing TDM packaging in four dimensions (i.e., density, classification, interaction, and time). These dimensions respectively reveal how many and what kind of TDM measures have been implemented, how they interact in a package, and how these characteristics change over time. We examine this methodology through comparative case studies based on policy document analysis in two Chinese cities, Dalian and Shenzhen, both of which adopt a large number of TDM measures. The results show that this methodology successfully reveals the characteristics of case cities: both tend to put more TDM measures into the transport policy package to deal with traffic issues, but the package in Shenzhen is more integrative than that in Dalian. We also find that with the integration of packaging increasing, transport systems are becoming more sustainable, and Shenzhen performs better in this regard than Dalian. This methodology can be used to analyse policy packaging in broader areas and to examine its influence on transport systems in more case studies in future research.

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Section: Tdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tdm Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Demand Management Policy Integration in Chinese Cities: A Proposed Analysis of Its Effects

2018

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“…In parallel, as "International commitments […] filtered down to the city level" (Tønnesen 2015a, 90), the Government was sending out strong signals to municipalities on the need to curb CO2 emissions from road traffic through the Parliament's climate agreement (Ministry of Climate and Environment 2007). Furthermore, the Government increased its focus on policy packages, with the notion that a deliberate combination of policy measures might better enhance effectiveness than more isolated planning, and thus increase goal achievement potential (Tønnesen 2015a). With the addition of a new reward programme, the larger municipalities were even more strongly incentivised to organise efforts between policy actors at different sectors and levels to reduce private car-use and increase public transport use through policy packages (Tønnesen 2015b).…”

Section: Some Background On the 'Trondheim Package'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring how politicians reflect on counteracting measures: the case of the Trondheim package

Øksenholt

Tennøy

2018

Applied Mobilities

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Transitioning towards a low emission society is a goal of numerous international and national political and administrative levels. This includes reducing impacts of road transport. While aiming for a transition towards more sustainable mobility, it is particularly striking that road capacity expansion is presently under planning or implementation in most main cities in Norway. Against this backdrop, we decided to study Trondheim's Environmental Transport Package because this has a strong environmental profile with main objectives of reducing CO2 emissions and limiting car traffic, while at the same time increasing road capacity. Our exploration of how political decision-makers reflect on including road capacity expansion in a plan aimed at reducing traffic volume is only a first step towards finding out how an apparent disconnect between stated objectives and policy measures is reconciled. This might provide opportunities for better understanding and influencing politicians' framing and actions early on, before measures are included that counteract the transition towards more sustainable mobility. We believe our explorative study reveals how motivated political decision-makers reason when faced with conflicting goals and contradictions, and, may contribute to a better understanding of what hinders transition in similar processes in other cities in Norway and abroad.

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“…So-called policy packages utilize the synergistic relationships that may exist between different policy instruments to improve the effectiveness of policy interventions (Givoni, Macmillen, Banister, & Feitelson, 2013). The challenges of policy packaging, however, are manifoldin particular with respect to conflicting objectives within the same package (Tønnesen, 2015). Hence, selection of appropriate instruments often requires a nuanced understanding of how different types of interventions influence the outcome of specific instruments, calling for a more contextual and rigorous approach to improve regulatory effectiveness (Taylor, Pollard, Rocks, & Angus, 2012;Tørnblad, Westskog, & Rose, 2014).…”

Section: Uch Of the Recent Literature Concerning Mitigation Of Climmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipalities as Frontrunners in Mitigation of Climate Change: Does soft regulation make a difference?

2017

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Soft regulatory measures are argued to represent a useful alternative to hard regulation when policy-makers seek to deal with difficult problems. This article investigates the impact of a national guideline on climate and energy planning adopted in Norway, a soft regulatory instrument, which sought to encourage stronger local climate mitigation policies. To assess the effectiveness of this policy approach the research reported here investigated the impact of the guideline on the institutionalization of local climate policy activity in a set of Norwegian municipalities. Our findings indicate that for municipalities in the early phases of developing their climate mitigation policy the planning guideline contributed to legitimizing climate policy by linking it to other policy areas. For municipalities that had come further in developing their climate mitigation policy, however, the planning guideline made little difference. The findings indicate that even if soft policy instruments might be needed in a situation with complex regulatory issues, it is difficult to achieve results without the support of harder policy measures. This is particularly the case if local authorities face financial constraints and lack manpower in their work in developing effective climate mitigation policy.

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Policy packages and state engagement: Comparing car-use reduction policy in two Norwegian cities

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

Transport Demand Management Policy Integration in Chinese Cities: A Proposed Analysis of Its Effects

Transport Demand Management Policy Integration in Chinese Cities: A Proposed Analysis of Its Effects

Exploring how politicians reflect on counteracting measures: the case of the Trondheim package

Municipalities as Frontrunners in Mitigation of Climate Change: Does soft regulation make a difference?

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