Policy Mixes: Aligning instruments for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision

Barton, David N.; Ring, Irene; Rusch, Graciela M.

doi:10.1002/eet.1779

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To better address this question, it is essential to explore what are institutional remedies for better coordination and integration of different landscape-level interventions. One means to do so is through exploring the complementarities and overlaps in a given policyscape (Barton et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One means to do so is through exploring the complementarities and overlaps in a given policyscape (Barton et al, 2017). One main challenge is that interventions are not designed at landscape level and, thus, lack an appropriate institutional framework.…”

Section: Redd+ Policyscape: Attributes Social Practices and Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our conceptual framework is inspired by the complexity of policy mix analysis (cf. Barton, Ring, & Rusch, 2017) at landscape level. As emphasised by Barton, Blumentrath, and Rusch (2013), the economic theory of instrument choice recognises that a "package" of policy measures to address deforestation pressures-the "policy mix"-may be needed when there are multiple externalities or externalities occurring together with imperfect property rights, market power, unobservable behaviour, or imperfect information (Bennear & Stavins, 2007;Goulder & Parry, 2008;Hepburn, 2006).…”

Section: The Policyscape Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing the policyscape for reducing deforestation in the Eastern Amazon: Practical insights for a landscape approach

et al. 2019

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In international debates on climate change mitigation and forests, there is increased recognition of the importance of a landscape approach to effectively address tropical deforestation. Such an approach, although increasingly promoted, remains only loosely defined and requires further development in order to effectively integrate different interventions at landscape level. In particular, it is important to understand the possible interactions between different landscape interventions at local level—where they are intended to have effect—and the challenges associated with them. Inspired by the complexity of policy mix analysis, this article seeks to shed light on these interactions by analysing how different policies and measures for reducing deforestation and degradation have played out in a jurisdiction with wide‐ranging actors and interventions aimed at shaping their behaviour. Focusing on smallholders, we examine the Sustainable Landscapes Pilot Programme in São Félix do Xingu, looking at how different policies interact—categorising interactions as “complementary,” “mutually reinforcing” (synergistic), “in conflict,” “interdependent,” and/or “redundant”—and explain how proponents of this pilot programme seek to integrate them. Most analysis is based on primary data collected through quantitative (i.e., random stratified sampling and surveys) and qualitative (i.e., observation and focus groups) methods. The São Félix do Xingu case shows that understanding effects of different policies and measures on people's behaviour requires a deeper look at local perceptions and reactions to such policies and measures, something most studies on the topic have overlooked. Ultimately, the heterogeneity and complexity of social practices that permeate landscapes must be recognised in order to integrate diverse measures to reduce deforestation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Redd+ Policyscape: Attributes Social Practices and Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Policyscape Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing the policyscape for reducing deforestation in the Eastern Amazon: Practical insights for a landscape approach

et al. 2019

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“…The inclusion of RLE in policy should focus on the development of a policy strategy comprising a series of policy instruments to achieve these objectives within a policy process (Barton, Ring, & Rusch, 2017), which can include the following steps (Evans & Cvitanovic, 2018): (a) identification of the problem, which under the RLE approach has the clear objective "to reduce risks to threatened ecosystems and to maintain the nonthreat status of the other ones," (b) policy formulation and decision making, focused on a series of policy instruments from different policy fields to address the preceding objective (see Rogge & Reichardt, 2016), (c) implementation, avoiding contradiction, and ensuring consistency and coherence between the instruments. The alignment of the elements of the policy mix should generate a synergistic interaction, being effective in reducing ecosystem risks (Dovers & Hussey, 2013;Evans & Cvitanovic, 2018), and (d) monitoring and evaluation, such that continuous RLE reassessments update the threat status of ecosystems to inform the policy process and required adjustments and modifications (policy learning and adaptation; Evans & Cvitanovic, 2018;Rogge & Reichardt, 2016).…”

Section: Opportunities For Rle To Inform Public Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Operationalizing the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems in public policy

Alaniz

Pérez-Quezada

Galleguillos

et al. 2019

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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Threats to ecosystems are closely linked to human development, whereas lack, insufficiency, and inefficiency of public policies are important drivers of environmental decline. Previous studies have discussed the contribution of IUCN's Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) in conservation issues; however, its applications in different policy fields and instruments for achieving biodiversity conservation have not been explored in detail. Here, we introduce a framework to operationalize the RLE in public policy, facilitating work of governments, practitioners, and decision makers. Our analysis identified 20 policy instruments that could reduce risks to ecosystems highlighted by different Red List criteria. We discuss how RLE could inform the policy process by analyzing different instruments that could be designed, implemented, and modified to achieve risk reduction. We also present practical examples from around the world showing how ecosystem conservation could be improved by operationalizing the RLE in policy instruments. The RLE criteria can inform the policy process by helping to shape objectives and identifying policy instruments that directly address the causes and severity of risks illuminated in Red List assessments. We conclude that RLE could be expanded into a broader holistic spectrum of policy instruments, which could be a key to achieving the ecosystem conservation.

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“…Yet, PES are never established in an institutional vacuum (Vatn, ). Regardless of the context, PES are bound to coexist and coevolve with a broader set of policies (Barton & Rusch, ; Izquierdo‐Tort, ; Robalino, Catalina Sandoval, Barton, & Pfaff, ). Other policies may include “carrots and sticks” for environmental protection (Borner, Wunder, Wertz‐Kanounnikoff, Hyman, & Nascimento, ), such as voluntary incentives for conservation, subsidies for sustainable resource management, protected areas, and other “command‐and‐control” instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payments for ecosystem services and conditional cash transfers in a policy mix: Microlevel interactions in Selva Lacandona, Mexico

Izquierdo‐Tort

2019

Env Pol Gov

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Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been increasingly studied with a policy mix perspective. So far, the focus has been on PES' interplay with other conservation instruments and resulting environmental outcomes at meso-and macrolevels. Though PES often operate among "poor" forest-dwelling communities in the Global South, our knowledge on PES' interactions with poverty alleviation policies is scarce, especially at the microlevel. This article examines PES' interactions-in terms of joint coverage, management, and spending of revenues, and socioeconomic effects of participation-with a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in a case study of six communities in Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, Mexico. The article builds a dual framework combining policy mix analysis with an actor-oriented approach focused on participants' microagency, and is based on in-depth, qualitative research. Results reveal widespread joint PES and CCT coverage, and patterns of specialization between different household members regarding the management and spending of program revenues. Results also show positive, multilevel policy interactions as participants combine resources to pursue individual and collective socioeconomic strategies. The article highlights the creative ways in which local stakeholders integrate individual policies within their broader livelihoods, and how coordination failures among policy-implementing institutions and deficient public services limit participants' ability to achieve sustained livelihood improvements. The article also highlights how a focus on microlevel policy interactions complements meso-and macrolevel analyses for a better understanding of PES' role in a policy mix and concludes by providing some recommendations for building implementation synergies and improving program design. K E Y W O R D S Chiapas, conditional cash transfers (CCT), Lacandon rainforest, Mexico, payments for ecosystem services (PES), policy interactions, policymix, poverty alleviation

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Policy Mixes: Aligning instruments for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Deconstructing the policyscape for reducing deforestation in the Eastern Amazon: Practical insights for a landscape approach

Deconstructing the policyscape for reducing deforestation in the Eastern Amazon: Practical insights for a landscape approach

Operationalizing the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems in public policy

Payments for ecosystem services and conditional cash transfers in a policy mix: Microlevel interactions in Selva Lacandona, Mexico

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