Policy Evolution under the Clean Air Act

Schmalensee, Richard; Stavins, Robert N.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3288043

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Finally, stringent regulations of carbon dioxide emissions in the US pulp and paper industry essentially do not exist. In the USA, proposals for a national emissions trading scheme in carbon dioxide (e.g., the so-called Waxman-Markey bill) failed to gain support in the Congress, and instead, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made efforts to implement (tradable) performance standards for carbon dioxide within the realms of the existing regulatory regime, the Clean Air Act [77]. However, this approach has now resulted in a legal battle in which the US industry and trade associations argue that the U.S. EPA lacks the authority for pursuing this regulation.…”

Section: The Regulation Of Carbon Dioxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Regulation in the Pulp and Paper Industry: Impacts and Challenges

2019

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Purpose of Review In this article, we review existing research addressing how environmental regulations have influenced the pulp and paper industry. These regulations appear in different forms and designs and address air and water pollution as well as climate change. The paper devotes particular attention to how various regulations have affected sustainable technological change and the prospects for inducing deep emission reductions without jeopardizing industrial competitiveness and future investments. Recent Findings Experiences from key pulp and paper regions, not least the Nordic countries, suggest that gradually tightening performance standards have contributed to radical reductions in emissions, e.g., chlorine compounds and biological oxygen demanding agents, and without imposing excessive compliance costs. This outcome can largely be attributed to how the regulations have been designed—and implemented—in practice, as well as to the presence of efficient and legitimate institutions. Long-term emission reduction targets, in combination with extended compliance periods and trustful firm-regulator relationships, contributed to radical technological innovation and permitted radical emission reductions without excessive compliance costs. The development of alternative bleaching technologies is an apt example. In contrast, the impact of carbon pricing schemes, including the EU emissions trading scheme, on carbon dioxide emissions reductions and related technological change in the pulp and paper industry has however been modest. Self-regulation, certification, and community pressure have exerted relatively modest influences on the environmental performance of the industry. Summary Important avenues for future research are identified. These include the following: (a) comparative research on how policy mixes in various countries have influenced environmental compliance and innovation; processes; (b) future studies of environmental regulations, their design and implementation, in emerging pulp and paper producing countries, not least China; and (c) research on how environmental regulations can affect ongoing restructurings in the industry towards a broader palette of products in biorefineries.

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Section: The Regulation Of Carbon Dioxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Regulation in the Pulp and Paper Industry: Impacts and Challenges

2019

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“…Though directly targeted at environmental quality, federal environmental regulations have also had an indirect, and strong, effect on power generation in the United States. The Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 was the first federal law to deal with air pollution, but it was the Clean Air Act of 1970 (technically an amendment to the original Clean Air Act of 1963) that initially gave the federal government a serious regulatory role in air pollution (Schmalensee & Stavins, 2019). The act became a model for future environmental laws and served as the basis for policies with a significant impact on electric power generation like the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) and the since‐rescinded Clean Power Plan for greenhouse gases, both described in more detail in the next section.…”

Section: Political and Institutional Factors Affecting The Us Electmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 21st Century Low‐Carbon Transition in U.S. Electric Power: Extent, Contributing Factors, and Implications

Murray

Niver

2020

Review of Policy Research

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The U.S. electric power sector has experienced a substantial shift of the generation mix since the turn of the century, moving from heavy reliance on coal-powered generation to one drawing more from natural gas and, more recently, renewables. This transition has been forged by a mix of macroeconomic factors (recession and recovery); technological breakthroughs (horizontal drilling coupled with hydraulic fracturing; improvements in natural gas plant efficiency); clean energy policies at federal, state, and local levels of government; and private sector demands for carbon-free energy sources. These factors have combined to reduce carbon emissions from electric power generation substantially this century. In this article we examine the extent of this transition, its causes, as well as the distinct American institutional factors steering it, including energy and environmental federalism, electoral politics, and the political economy of clean energy policy enactment and resistance.

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“…The government in California was catching up with politics by examining better designs of climate policy instruments such as clean energy standards, subsidies for green technology, and other approaches. (Schmalensee & Stavins, 2019).…”

Section: Power Interest and Strategies Of Actors Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Implementation of Groundwater Tax on Dewatering in Jakarta

Agustina

Inayati

2020

JAP

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This article aims to analyze the implementation of groundwater tax on dewatering in DKI Jakarta Province and the factors causing the collection of groundwater tax on dewatering are not optimal in DKI Jakarta Province. The problem is focused on the ground water tax policy on dewatering in DKI Jakarta Province. To approach this problem, the theory of Merilee Grindle's about policy implementation was used. Data were collected through literature study and field study and analyzed qualitatively. Through this method, data and information obtained from field studies and literature studies were then processed to draw conclusions. This study concludes that there are interests that are affected in the implementation of groundwater tax on dewatering, especially the interests of the Regional Tax and Retribution Agency. It is related to the desired benefits of implementing the policy, namely increasing groundwater tax revenues in DKI Jakarta Province. Some factors caused the implementation of ground water tax on dewatering were not optimal are human resources that are still lacking in terms of quality and quantity, data collection and supervision have not been done well, lack of coordination between related agencies, lack of socialization and unclear implementation regulations

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Policy Evolution under the Clean Air Act

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Environmental Regulation in the Pulp and Paper Industry: Impacts and Challenges

Environmental Regulation in the Pulp and Paper Industry: Impacts and Challenges

A 21st Century Low‐Carbon Transition in U.S. Electric Power: Extent, Contributing Factors, and Implications

Analysis of the Implementation of Groundwater Tax on Dewatering in Jakarta

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