“…In the quest to bring in instant solutions, most emphasis was on institutionally engineering best practices, often based on the prevailing ideas among the experts of development studies community. Yet, as this special issue shows, despite the similarities in institutional design, the results of these reforms vary significantly across African countries, and such variation suggests that endogenous factors play a role (see especially, Krol, 2015). That is, home-grown local factors seem to influence the workings of decentralization, running parallel to the mostly exogenous institutional designs.…”