Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services

Abstract

European energy policies call for an increased share of renewable energy sources and a more active role of the energy consumer. This is facilitated by, amongst others, buildings becoming energy flexible hubs, supporting smart energy grids with demand response strategies. While there is abundant technical research in this field, the related business and policy development is less well documented. This research scopes existing policy programmes and identifies opportunities and barriers to business development supporting energy flexible buildings. Using examples from seven European countries, this work reviews influencing niche management factors such as existing policy instruments, business development cases and identified stakeholder concerns, using literature research, narrative analysis and stakeholder research.National policy pathways show many differences but confirm that European buildings might become active players in the energy market, by providing energy storage, demand response and/or shifts in the use of energy sources. Slow sustained business development for energy flexibility services was mainly identified in the retail industry, and for energy service companies and aggregators. The direct involvement of end users in energy flexible buildings is still difficult. Stakeholders call for policy improvement, especially concerning the development of flexible energy tariffs, supporting incentives, awareness raising and more stakeholder-targeted business development.

Frequency Limited & Weighted Model Reduction Algorithm With Error Bound: Application to Discrete-Time Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbines for Power System

“…In this section, numerical examples of the DFIG based variable-speed wind turbine (double-cage induction generator) for the power system (induction model, current model) based on the multi-input multi-output discrete-time are given to show the comparison of the proposed technique with the existing frequency-limited model reduction technique for the LTI continuous-time system. Figs (4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13) represent the Bode plot (magnitde, phase) comparison of corresponding ROMs obtained by existing ( [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]) and the proposed approache with the original system, each Fig contains subfigures which represent output/input Bode plot (magnitude, phase). Table . 5 and 6 provide frequency response error comparison existing ( [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]) and the proposed approaches.…”

“…Continual change in speed, density, and temperature round the clock is the main issue with wind energy. Therefore the integration of the wind masts with the grid needs to be governed by certain policies, known as grid codes, to avoid the undesirable impact on the grid power [1], [7]- [9]. The developed grid codes are different for the different countries depending upon their environmental conditions, and operational constraints [10]- [14].…”

Vitalization Strategies for the Building Energy Management System (BEMS) Industry Ecosystem Based on AHP Analysis

“…Based on the literature, institutional barriers are due to the government inaction or inadequacy in changing and creating institutions to deploy new energy-efficient building technologies. Barriers include nonfunctional [17] or inadequate institutions [18], lack of financial incentives and mismatching market mechanisms [19], legal system and administrative issues [20], lack of political and external financial support [21], lack of flexible energy tariffs and support incentives [22], inadequate tax policies [23], deficiencies in public policy and regulation [24], lack of policies promoting market opportunities [25], mandatory and incentive policies [25][26][27], traditional restrictive regulations [28,29], and restricted access to finance [27].…”

Development of Frequency Weighted Model Reduction Algorithm with Error Bound: Application to Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbines for Power System

“…Continual change in speed, density, and temperature round the clock is the main issue with wind energy. Therefore the integration of the wind masts with the grid needs to be governed by certain policies, known as grid codes, to avoid the undesirable impact on the grid power [1,[7][8][9]. The developed grid codes are different for the different countries depending upon their environmental conditions and operational constraints [10,11].…”