Policy actors and human and animal health practitioners’ perceptions of antimicrobial use and resistance in Tanzania: A qualitative study

Frumence, Gasto; Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Katale, Bugwesa Z.; Sindato, Calvin; Kimera, Sharadhuli I.; Durrance-Bagale, Anna; Mshana, Stephen E.; Clark, Taane G.; Rweyemamu, Mark M.; Legido‐Quigley, Helena; Matee, Mecky

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.027

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Actions aimed at human health may also be more visible and result in public approval of governmental policies. Interestingly, many interviewees commented that political will is evinced by the Tanzanian government, which appears keen to implement effective policymaking [ 14 ]. This is possibly a surprising finding, as governmental support, although key to designing and implementing effective policies to address AMR, is not often visible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key is to ensure appropriate access to antimicrobials while reducing overall use and promoting awareness in One Health practitioners and communities alike. One reported strength in Tanzania is the political commitment to addressing AMR, supported by leadership from the national government, which is helping to drive the coordination of effective interventions and efficient allocation of resources in the country [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Framing the Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in Tanzania

et al. 2021

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Despite global awareness of the key factors surrounding antimicrobial resistance (AMR), designing and implementing policies to address the critical issues around the drivers of AMR remains complex to put into practice. We identified prevalent narratives and framing used by epistemological communities involved in the response to AMR in Tanzania, interrogated how this framing may inform policymaking, and identified interventions that could be tailored to the groups believed responsible for AMR. We interviewed 114 key informants from three districts and analysed transcripts line by line. Our results suggest that many different groups help drive the spread of AMR in Tanzania and need to be involved in any effective response. Human health is currently perceived as driving the response, while other domains lag behind in their efforts. For AMR programmes to be successful, all sectors need to be involved, including civil society groups, community representatives, and those working in communities (e.g., primary care physicians). However, current plans and programmes largely fail to include these viewpoints. The perceived presence of political will in Tanzania is a significant step towards such a response. Any strategies to tackle AMR need to be tailored to the context-specific realities, taking into account constraints, beliefs, and power dynamics within countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing the Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in Tanzania

et al. 2021

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“…Minimising risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through reducing antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock (Gozdzielewska et al 2020) is an important public health goal (Frumence et al 2021). However, globally, the demand for antimicrobials in the livestock sector is high, with further increases (of up to 67%) predicted by 2030 (Mangesho et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this context, infectious diseases of livestock, including those caused by antimicrobialresistant pathogens, have major impacts (Bernabé et al 2017;Tebug et al 2021), threatening the livelihoods and wellbeing of farmers. In Tanzania, for example, bacterial resistance to frequently used antibiotics such as tetracyclines and ampicillin has been reported in different livestock species, including cattle, and sheep and goats (Frumence et al 2021). There are several possible reasons for this.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…First, animal health professionals are poorly supported in making treatment decisions (Mangesho et al 2021) due to a lack of veterinary infrastructure and of tailored antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Second, livestock keepers are often forced to self-administer antimicrobials to their livestock without professional advice (Caudell et al 2017;Caudell et al 2020) on recommended treatment doses, correct routes of administration and withdrawal periods (Frumence et al 2021). Third, there is an assumption…”

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Quantifying farmers’ preferences for antimicrobial use for livestock diseases in northern Tanzania

Nthambi

Lembo

Davis

et al. 2022

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Understanding the choice behaviours of farmers around the treatment of their livestock is critical to counteracting the risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence. Using varying disease scenarios, we measure the differences in livestock species’ treatment preferences and effects of context variables (such as grazing patterns, herd size, travel time to agrovet shops, previous disease experience, previous vaccination experience, education level and income) on the farmers’ treatment choices for infections across three production systems—agro-pastoral, pastoral and rural smallholder—in northern Tanzania, where reliance on antimicrobial treatment to support the health and productivity of livestock is high. Applying a context-dependent stated choice experiment, we surveyed 1224 respondents. Mixed logit model results show that farmers have higher preferences for professional veterinary services when treating cattle, sheep and goats, while they prefer to self-treat poultry. Antibiotics sourced from agrovet shops are the medicine of choice, independent of the health condition to treat, whether viral, bacterial or parasitic. Nearness to agrovet shops, informal education, borrowing and home storage of medicines, and commercial poultry rearing increase chances of self-treatment. Based on our findings, we propose interventions such as awareness and education campaigns aimed at addressing current practices that pose AMR risks, as well as vaccination and good livestock husbandry practices, capacity building and provision of diagnostic tools.

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Countering the logics of war in global health policy: fake drugs, antimicrobial resistance, and fugitive science

Meek

2024

Anthropology & Medicine

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Policy actors and human and animal health practitioners’ perceptions of antimicrobial use and resistance in Tanzania: A qualitative study

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Framing the Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in Tanzania

Framing the Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in Tanzania

Quantifying farmers’ preferences for antimicrobial use for livestock diseases in northern Tanzania

Countering the logics of war in global health policy: fake drugs, antimicrobial resistance, and fugitive science

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