Policosanols: Chemistry, Occurrence, and Health Effects

Weerawatanakorn, Monthana; Meerod, Kanyaphat; Wongwaiwech, Donporn; Ho, Chi Tang

doi:10.1007/s40495-019-00174-9

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Commercially, policosanols are marketed as nutritional supplements with hexacosanol (C26), octacosanol (C28), triacontanol (C30), and dotriacontanol (C32). They offer various health benefits (Adhikari et al., 2006; Marinangeli et al., 2010; Weerawatanakorn et al., 2019).…”

Section: Fat‐soluble Bioactives In Specialty Seed Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review

Alasalvar

Chang

Bolling

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Seeds play important roles in human nutrition and health since ancient time. The term “specialty” has recently been applied to seeds to describe high‐value and/or uncommon food products. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to identify various classes of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols in specialty seeds. This review discusses nutrients, fat‐soluble bioactives, polyphenols/bioactives, antioxidant activity, bioavailability, health benefits, and safety/toxicology of commonly consumed eight specialty seeds, namely, black cumin, chia, hemp, flax, perilla, pumpkin, quinoa, and sesame. Scientific results from the existing literature published over the last decade have been compiled and discussed. These specialty seeds, having numerous fat‐soluble bioactives and polyphenols, together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been consumed. Hence, these specialty seeds can be considered as a valuable source of dietary supplements and functional foods due to their health‐promoting bioactive components, polyphenols, and corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from these specialty seeds demonstrate bioavailability in humans with promising health benefits. Additional long‐term and well‐design human intervention trials are required to ascertain the health‐promoting properties of these specialty seeds.

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Section: Fat‐soluble Bioactives In Specialty Seed Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review

Alasalvar

Chang

Bolling

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…Policosanols occur in different natural products (Shen et al, 2019;Weerawatanakorn et al, 2019). The fatty alcohols eicosenol (20:1n-9) and docosenol (22:1n-11) found in the wax esters in calanus oil are shorter in chain-length, compared to the different fatty alcohols in policosanols.…”

Section: Fatty Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil

et al. 2020

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The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome the limited supply of fish oil is to harvest lower in the marine food web. Calanus finmarchicus, feeding on phytoplankton, is a small copepod constituting a considerable biomass in the North Atlantic and is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. The oil is, however, different from other commercial marine oils in terms of chemistry and, possibly, bioactivity since it contains wax esters. Wax esters are fatty acids that are esterified with alcohols. In addition to the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the oil is also rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and the long-chain fatty alcohols eicosenol and docosenol. Recent animal studies have indicated antiinflammatory and anti-obesogenic actions of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA. This review will discuss potential mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of the oil, focusing on the impact of the various components of the oil. The health effects of EPA and DHA are well recognized, whereas long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols have to a large degree been overlooked in relation to human health. Recently, however the fatty alcohols have received interest as potential targets for improved health via conversion to their corresponding fatty acids. Together, the different lipid components of the oil from C. finmarchicus may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.

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“…The results offer an idea for investigating the extraction and purification methods of these nutraceuticals from these byproducts. Overwhelming evidence supports the valuable bioactivities of γ-oryzanol, tocotrienol, tocopherol, phytosterol, and policosanol (PCs), including the reduction of oxidative stress activities, anticancer effects, anti-inflammatory properties, cholesterol-lowering effects and protection against cardiovascular disease 2 – 5 . Of these nutraceuticals, PCs are one of many items of research focusing on their bioactivity related to the decrease in blood cholesterol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCs are a mixture of high-molecular-mass primary alcohols ranging in length from 24 to 34 carbon atoms. It is naturally found in wax components, especially rice bran, perilla seed, sugar cane, bee wax, maize, whole grain, etc 5 . Various bioactivities of PCs have been reported, including antioxidant activity, antidiabetic effects, liver protection activity, anti-inflammatory activities and cholesterol-lowering effect 6 – 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all of these health benefit properties, the outstanding bioactivity of PCs is the cholesterol-lowering property, which is indicated in 112 articles involving cholesterol-lowering activity published on the PubMed website. The inhibition of hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is the rate-controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, which has been shown to be the cellular mechanism that decreases serum cholesterol levels 5 . Commercially, PCs are available in the market as a dietary supplement that is mostly isolated and purified from various sources such as sugar cane wax ( Saccharum officinarum L.) or rice bran wax ( Oryza sativa L.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subcritical dimethyl ether extraction as a simple method to extract nutraceuticals from byproducts from rice bran oil manufacture

Wongwaiwech

Weerawatanakorn

Boonnoun

2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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The byproducts of rice bran oil processes are a good source of fat-soluble nutraceuticals, including γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanols. This study aimed to investigate the effects of green technology with low pressure as the subcritical fluid extraction with dimethyl ether (SUBFDME) on the amount of γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanol extracted from the byproducts and to increase the purity of policosanols. The SUBFDME extraction apparatus was operated under pressures below 1 MPa. Compared to the chemical extraction method, SUBFDME gave the highest content of γ-oryzanol at 924.51 mg/100 g from defatted rice bran, followed by 829.88 mg/100 g from the filter cake, while the highest phytosterol content was 367.54 mg/100 g. Transesterification gave the highest extraction yield of 43.71% with the highest policosanol content (30,787 mg/100 g), and the SUBFDME method increased the policosanol level from transesterified rice bran wax to 84,913.14 mg/100 g. The results indicate that the SUBFDME method is a promising tool to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol and a simple and effective technique to increase the purity of policosanol. The study presented a novel technique for the potential use of SUBSFDME as an alternative low-pressure and low-temperature technique to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol. The combination of transesterification and the SUBFDME technique is a potential simple two-step method to extract and purify policosanol, which is beneficial for the manufacture of dietary supplements, functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

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Policosanols: Chemistry, Occurrence, and Health Effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 105 publications

Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review

Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review

Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil

Subcritical dimethyl ether extraction as a simple method to extract nutraceuticals from byproducts from rice bran oil manufacture

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