Policing Segregation Boundaries

Abstract

Chapter 5 explores how policing practices were implicated in defining and enforcing the boundaries of segregation. While the police insisted that their work was race neutral, I watched them pay attention to “race out of place.” The police collaborated with private establishments to exclude, contain, and control Black people in the city’s downtown entertainment corridor; officers marked Black bodies entering predominantly white spaces as potential sources of criminal threat and disorder; and organizational practices in routine traffic enforcement targeted vehicles that signaled race and class. Police scrutiny of Black people in the downtown revealed that the city’s revitalization was not for everyone. Ideas of commercial viability, worth, and order, on the one hand, and those of threat, criminality, and disorder, on the other, mapped onto people, as well as places. Hence, projects of spatial regulation in service of political-economic goals were also projects of racial regulation.

The Matrix of Violence: Intersectionality and Necropolitics in the Murder of Transgender People in the United States, 1990–2019

“…This poverty is then concentrated through residential segregation (Massey 1995), creating neighborhoods characterized by increased disorganization and isolation and decreased levels of trust (Beeghley 2003). These neighborhoods are often both overpoliced and underserved by supportive social services (Gordon 2022), increasing the risk for fatal violence (Stark 1990). Illustrating how necropolitics works within the matrix of violence, the current racial system in the United States shapes social institutions, allowing economic discrimination, housing segregation, and inequality in social services, all of which facilitate violence against people of color, particularly Black people.…”

Why do Role Perceptions Matter? A Qualitative Study on Role Conflicts and the Coping Behavior of Dutch Municipal Enforcement Officers

“…That is, a role conflict occurs when street-level bureaucrats are confronted with two or more conflicting demands (Noordegraaf and Steijn 2014; Vink et al 2015). de Graaf, Huberts, and Smulders (2016) showed that street-level bureaucrats faced role conflicts, and that the context of their specific job influenced which conflicts they perceived. While some of these conflicts were already identified by Lipsky (1980), new conflicts were also identified, for instance between being responsive and working in a more efficient manner (de Graaf, Huberts, and Smulders 2016).…”

“…Hence, the second focus of this study is on role perceptions and their relationship with role conflicts and ways of coping at the street level. This will provide a better understanding of how street-level bureaucrats use their discretion in public service delivery in the contemporary public sector context (Agger and Poulsen 2017; de Graaf, Huberts, and Smulders 2016).…”

Inclusion of Race and Ethnicity With Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation When Assessing COVID-19 Hospitalization Risk Among California Veterans Health Administration Users

“…Black segregated and predominately White neighborhoods of the same socioeconomic status (SES) can differ. For example, compared with predominately White neighborhoods of similar SES, Black segregated neighborhoods are overpoliced and oversurveilled, yet have fewer emergency services …”