Policing Rome

Nippel, Wilfried

doi:10.2307/299004

Cited by 125 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…49-50;Fagan, 2016, p. 233. 33 Twelve Tables, 8.26;Nippel, 1984, p. 24. 34 Palmer, 2000Ekirch, 2005;Koslofsky, 2011.…”

Section: A Technology Of Illuminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime Graffiti in the Roman Republic: Populism and the Anti-State

Allen

2024

HSJ.Historia

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This paper contends that populist graffiti in the Roman Republic, including famous examples from the aftermath of Gaius Gracchus’s death and the last weeks of Julius Caesar’s life, were at times intentionally produced at night, not just for the security and anonymity of darkness, but also in order to generate maximum impact, with a daybreak surprise that breached the notional barriers between the populist night and the aristocratic day. Various sources indicate that the formal institutions of the res publica, as dominated by the elite, were largely diurnal in nature, such that the state was effectively suspended at every sunset, and the night became the province of the marginalized. Graffiti from this context, when newly revealed at dawn, thus constituted a missive from an anti-state to the «legitimate» one – a kind of technology of illumination that facilitated popular engagement with political debates from which the people were otherwise procedurally excluded.

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“…49-50;Fagan, 2016, p. 233. 33 Twelve Tables, 8.26;Nippel, 1984, p. 24. 34 Palmer, 2000Ekirch, 2005;Koslofsky, 2011.…”

Section: A Technology Of Illuminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime Graffiti in the Roman Republic: Populism and the Anti-State

Allen

2024

HSJ.Historia

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“…Pode afirmarse que, na antiguidade, havia grupo de pessoas que usavam a violência para atingir seus objetivos políticos (HOFFMAN, 2002). Por exemplo, na República Romana, a violência política se tornou parte do sistema, onde os líderes da República contratavam os serviços de guarda-costas para ir às assembleias (NIPPEL, 1984). Um exemplo do uso da violência para atingir objetivos políticos é o assassinato de Júlio César, nos últimos dias da República Romana.…”

Section: O Terrorismo Na Históriaunclassified

O Terrorismo e o Uso da Força no Direito Internacional

Biazi

Carpio

2018

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RESUMO:O presente artigo aborda a questão do terrorismo sob a perspectiva do direito internacional. Traça um histórico do fenômeno do terrorismo, apontando suas raízes bastante antigas, e se debruça sobre as políticas dos Estados voltadas à segurança após 11/9. Considerado um marco tanto na política quanto no direito internacional, o fenômeno do terrorismo traz à tona diversas discussões, como as que dizem respeito à legalidade do uso da força para combatê-lo. Após analisar as exceções previstas no direito internacional à proibição do uso da força, o artigo aborda a possibilidade de se usar a força em legítima defesa contra entidades não estatais, nomeadamente grupos terroristas, trazendo os debates pertinentes da doutrina. ABSTRACT: INTRODUÇÃOO Jus in Bellum acompanha a humanidade desde que essa se estabeleceu em comunidades, cidades-estados e, por fim, em Estados, sendo considerada como uma forma alternativa de atingir os objetivos políticos. Até antes do estabelecimento das Nações Unidas, o Jus in Bellum era um direito de todo Estado de declarar a guerra a outros Estados, situação modificada com as Nações Unidas, pelo qual a guerra fica proibida, exceto em casos de legítima defesa individual e coletiva. No entanto, desde que o terrorismo se tornou o inimigo público número 1 dentro da comunidade mundial, o uso da força é autorizado pelo Conselho de Segurança com o objetivo de combater essa ameaça mundial. Contudo, os grupos terroristas

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“…562 It was also modified for use in civil wars against Sulla in 83, Lepidus in 77, and the Catilinarians in 63, so that the decree allowed magistrates to take military precautions. Magistrates 561 Nippel (1984;Vanderbroeck (1987: 153 ff. ).…”

Section: Senatorial Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Popular Political Participation in the Late Roman Republic

Earley¹

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<p>Roman democracy is in fashion. In particular, the publication of Fergus Millar's The Crowd in the Late Republic (1998) has stimulated debate on the democratic elements in Roman government during this period. In this thesis I examine the nature of popular participation in the late Roman Republic. I focus on the decision-making power of the populus Romanus and popular pressure to effect reform in the favour of citizens outside the senatorial and equestrian orders. My findings are based on analysis of ancient literary and epigraphic sources, along with a critique of modern research on the topic. The first chapter introduces the subject with a survey of current scholarly opinion and discussion of key concepts and terms. Chapter Two investigates how power was shared between senatus populusque Romanus and the distribution of power in the assemblies, concluding that participation was widespread as a result of the changing circumstances in the late Republic. As farmers and veterans moved to Rome, and slaves were freed and granted citizenship and the right to vote, the balance was tipped in the favour of the non-elite voter. Each class of the populus Romanus could participate in Roman politics, and certainly members of each did. Having concluded my analysis of the formal avenues of participation, I move onto the informal. Chapter Three is the first of three chapters of case studies focusing on demonstrations and collective action which form the heart of this work. The first set of studies cover secession, mutiny and refusal of the draft. Chapter Four continues with studies of popular pressure to gain reforms to improve the food supply, restore tribunician power, obtain relief from crippling debt and land shortage. The final chapter of analysis, Chapter Five, investigates collective action at contiones, legislative assemblies, trials, ludi et gladiatores, triumphs, funerals, and elections. The findings of these three chapters bring me to the conclusion that Rome was a democracy, if of a particular type. The nature of popular political participation in the late Republic resembled that of an emerging democracy with the non-elite gaining an increasing role in the decision-making process, albeit without constitutional definition. The citizens' right to participate in the formal assemblies was augmented by their ability to take part in less formal ways also. These informal methods ranged from popular involvement in contiones through to the application of pressure on senators through the threat of secession and mutiny. Only the rise of the principate, with formalised roles for the various sectors in society under one leader, brought these developments to an end.</p>

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Policing Rome

Cited by 125 publications

References 5 publications

Nighttime Graffiti in the Roman Republic: Populism and the Anti-State

Nighttime Graffiti in the Roman Republic: Populism and the Anti-State

O Terrorismo e o Uso da Força no Direito Internacional

Popular Political Participation in the Late Roman Republic

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