Policing Iowa's Katrina: Law Enforcement Response in Flood Disasters

Policing in pandemics: A systematic review and best practices for police response to COVID-19

“…Emergency situations such as pandemics can have a significant impact on police-community relations and public trust in the police [ 3 ]. While effective and successful police response to disasters and emergency events can put people out of harm's way and ensure public safety and well-being, ineffective police response can undermine public trust and confidence in the police [ 11 ]. This review found nine studies that discussed how disasters and emergencies may affect police-community relations (see Table 1 ).…”

“… Author (Year) (Health) Emergency Findings Ames and Busch [ 10 ] Flooding Examines the emergency calls made to first responders during a flooding incident in Australia, finding that mismatched expectations between callers and call-takers impacted communication. Bonkiewicz and Ruback [ 11 ] Flooding Analyses police response to Hurricane Katrina and recommends that police departments change their styles of policing before, during, and after a disaster, to accommodate the needs, expectations and priorities of affected communities. Bonkiewicz and Ruback [ 6 ] Hurricane Proposes a model for law enforcement agencies to follow during a disaster that takes into account changes in citizens' priorities, expectations and behaviours at different stages of a disaster.…”

The influence of demographic factors on the level of citizen awareness of police responsibilities in natural disasters

“…Резултати ис-траживања спроведеног у Шкотској показују да је 38,1% испита-ника информисано о природним катастрофама преко комшија, пријатеља; 28,6% преко радија; 27,2% преко штампе; 28,5% преко националне телевизије; 36,7% преко надлежних државних органа и 12,8% на друге начине (Werritty et al, 2007:122). Евалуација рада полицијских службеника за време поплаве у граду Cedare по-казалa је да су полицијске активности предузете у прве две фазе (пре и за време поплаве) биле веома успешне, док су полицијску активност у трећој фази (након катастрофе) грађани оценили као недовољну (Bonkiewicz, Ruback, 2010). Утврђено је и да полициј-ски службеници нису у довољној мери били свесни како се прио-ритети и понашање грађана мења током различитих фаза ката-строфа.…”

A Stone’s Throw from the Metropolis: Re-Examining Small-Agency Homeland Security Practices

“…By 2003, the focus expanded to include a range of domestic incidents including "terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies" (US Department of Homeland Security, 2003). For example, many police departments played critical roles in responding to both Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf Coast (Rojek & Smith, 2007) and devastating flooding in Cedar Rapids, Iowa (Bonkiewicz & Ruback, 2010). Given this emphasis at both the national and sub-national levels, it is no surprise that some have suggested that policing has entered a new homeland security era (Oliver, 2006;see, also, Stewart & Morris, 2009).…”

“…Half a decade later, Lum and colleagues (2009, p. 102) echoed this concern: "not only do we not have a clear idea of what activities police are engaged in, but there is also a lack of empirical research that documents police activity or scientifically evaluates interventions." To be sure, scholars have produced an increasing number of works advancing our understanding of police homeland security activities (Bailey & Cree, 2011;Bonkiewicz & Ruback, 2010;Burruss, Giblin, & Schafer, 2010;Caruson, MacManus, Kohen, & Watson, 2005;Council of State Governments, 2005;Davis, Mariano, Pace, Cotton, & Steinberg, 2006;Donnermeyer, 2002;Fricker, Jacobson, & Davis, 2002;Gerber, Cohen, Cannon, Patterson, & Stewart, 2005;Jiao & Rhea, 2007;Lum, Haberfeld, Fachner, & Lieberman, 2009;Marion & Cronin, 2009;Ortiz, Hendricks, & Sugie, 2007;Pelfrey, 2007;Randol, in press;Rojek & Smith, 2007;Stewart, 2011;Stewart & Morris, 2009). These studies typically address both the determinants and outcomes of homeland security preparedness, steps taken A STONE'S THROW 369…”