Policies to Prevent Illegal Acquisition of Firearms: Impacts on Diversions of Guns for Criminal Use, Violence, and Suicide

Crifasi, Cassandra K.; McCourt, Alexander D.; Booty, Marisa D.; Webster, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s40471-019-00199-0

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Sharp disagreements about the effects of policy can persist in part because of the often-contradictory scientific evidence supporting claims about the causal effects of specific gun laws. Specifically, while several systematic reviews have found a consistent pattern of evidence regarding laws restricting the purchase of firearms, findings regarding policies designed to regulate the storage and use of firearms have generally been inconsistent ( 5 – 11 ). For example, some studies have concluded that SYG laws decrease violent crime ( 12 ), while others claim the opposite effect ( 13 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Schell

Cefalu

Griffin

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Although 39,000 individuals die annually from gunshots in the US, research examining the effects of laws designed to reduce these deaths has sometimes produced inconclusive or contradictory findings. We evaluated the effects on total firearm-related deaths of three classes of gun laws: child access prevention (CAP), right-to-carry (RTC), and stand your ground (SYG) laws. The analyses exploit changes in these state-level policies from 1970 to 2016, using Bayesian methods and a modeling approach that addresses several methodological limitations of prior gun policy evaluations. CAP laws showed the strongest evidence of an association with firearm-related death rate, with a probability of 0.97 that the death rate declined at 6 y after implementation. In contrast, the probability of being associated with an increase in firearm-related deaths was 0.87 for RTC laws and 0.77 for SYG laws. The joint effects of these laws indicate that the restrictive gun policy regime (having a CAP law without an RTC or SYG law) has a 0.98 probability of being associated with a reduction in firearm-related deaths relative to the permissive policy regime. This estimated effect corresponds to an 11% reduction in firearm-related deaths relative to the permissive legal regime. Our findings suggest that a small but meaningful decrease in firearm-related deaths may be associated with the implementation of more restrictive gun policies.

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confidence: 99%

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Schell

Cefalu

Griffin

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Because of the robust body of research demonstrating the protective effects of licensing laws,18 efforts should be made to increase the awareness of these laws as an effective, evidence-based policy option. Research indicates that in the context of safe storage, groups perceived to have experience with guns were rated as better messengers by gun owners19 and in-group messengers (ie, individuals from within a group) have been found to be more effective 20 21.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in public support for handgun purchaser licensing

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo assess whether there are differences in support for handgun purchaser licensing.MethodsWe used data from four waves of online, national polling on gun policy. To estimate differences in support for licensing across groups, we categorised respondents by whether they personally owned a gun, lived in a state with handgun purchaser licensing or lived in a state regulating private sales without a licensing system.ResultsEighty-four per cent of adults living in states with licensing supported the policy compared with 74% in states without the law (p<0.001). Seventy-seven per cent of gun owners living in states with licensing supported the policy vs 59% of gun owners in states without licensing (p<0.001).ConclusionsSupport for licensing among gun owners living in states with these laws, many of whom have presumably gone through the process, was much higher than gun owners in states without such laws.

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“…First, gun legislation may be enacted to restrict the availability of firearms and reduce adolescent exposure to gun violence. Requiring licenses to possess a gun, or permit-to-purchase laws, have been shown to reduce firearm-related deaths (40). A recent empirical analysis reported that the adoption of right-to-carry laws (RTC) across 33 states significantly increased violent crime by 13 -15% in the 10 years following adoption of RTC (41).…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deadly Gun Violence, Neighborhood Collective Efficacy, and Adolescent Neurobehavioral Outcomes

Gard¹,

Brooks‐Gunn²,

McLanahan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Gun violence is a major public health problem and costs the United States $280 billion annually (1). Although adolescents are disproportionately impacted (e.g., via premature death), we know little about how close adolescents live to deadly gun violence incidents and whether such proximity impacts their socioemotional development (2–4). Moreover, gun violence is likely to shape youth developmental outcomes through biological processes – including functional connectivity within regions of the brain that support emotion processing, salience detection, and physiological stress responses – though little work has examined this hypothesis. Lastly, it is unclear if strong neighborhood social ties can buffer youth from the neurobehavioral effects of gun violence. Within a nationwide birth cohort of 3,444 youth (56% Black, 24% Hispanic) born in large U.S. cities, every additional exposure to a deadly gun violence incident within 500 meters of home in the prior year increased behavioral problems by 7.7%, even after accounting for area-level crime and socioeconomic resources. Incidents that occurred closer to a child’s home exerted larger effects, and stronger neighborhood social ties offset these associations. In a neuroimaging subsample (N = 164) of the larger cohort, exposure to more incidents of gun violence and weaker social ties were associated with weaker amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity during socioemotional processing, a pattern previously linked to less effective emotion regulation. Results provide spatially-sensitive evidence for gun violence effects on adolescent behavior, a potential mechanism through which risk is biologically-embedded, and ways in which positive community factors offset ecological risk.

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Policies to Prevent Illegal Acquisition of Firearms: Impacts on Diversions of Guns for Criminal Use, Violence, and Suicide

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Differences in public support for handgun purchaser licensing

Deadly Gun Violence, Neighborhood Collective Efficacy, and Adolescent Neurobehavioral Outcomes

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