Police marginality, racial logics and discrimination in the<i>banlieues</i>of France

Body‐Gendrot, Sophie

doi:10.1080/01419870903348646

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Jones () labeled the second type as institutional racism. This concept exposes political and ideological racism buried in the practices and institutional cultures of police work, court, education, and various other practices, while attempting to address the problem (Body‐Gendrot, 2010). An example of this would include state‐level policies (i.e., Arizona's anti‐immigrant legislation of racial profiling of Hispanics, New York's stop and frisk program; Billies, ; Toomey et al., ).…”

Section: Methodology For Critical Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Trauma Lens of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities

Bryant-Davis

Adams

Alejandre

et al. 2017

Journal of Social Issues

118

113

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Police violence against racial and ethnic minorities has been researched through the lens of multiple social science disciplines including psychology. Within psychology, the study of trauma lends itself to understanding the dynamics of unjustified violence perpetrated by some law enforcement agents. These acts of aggression are not only examples of interpersonal trauma but also the trauma of racism, which is examined through the lens of intergenerational trauma, racistincident-based trauma, and complex trauma. There is a history of violence against racial and ethnic minorities that contextualizes the traumatic experience of police violence. Additionally, the framework of trauma illuminates the causes and consequences of police brutality as a racist-incident trauma. Finally, survivors of police violence targeting racial and ethnic minorities are often persons who have been exposed to multiple traumas resulting in a cumulative effect. Filling a current gap in the literature, we discuss the clinical implications of applying trauma theories to police violence, as well as diverse ways racially and ethnically marginalized persons have coped with and resisted these acts. There is attention given to the need to attend to the intersecting identities of persons who are targeted such as ethnic minority women. Finally, we describe the need for further study of this complex and devastating phenomenon.Feminist scholar, Audre Lorde, wrote, "this woman is Black so her blood is shed in silence" (De Veaux, 2004 p. 243). The blood of many racial and ethnic minorities has been shed by police officers who have sworn to protect and serve them. The trauma of police violence, or police brutality, has been attended to by some in the social science community but increased attention is needed to exploring

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Section: Methodology For Critical Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Trauma Lens of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities

Bryant-Davis

Adams

Alejandre

et al. 2017

Journal of Social Issues

118

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That is, immigrants are subject to similar tactics of discrimination as racialized minorities in the United States [92,93]. This includes racialized patterns of segregation and racist and xenophobic state actions and policing practices in the public housing projects of banlieues and "urban sensitive zones" occupied by firstand second-generation immigrants [94], which compares to what we see in Portland's peripheral and racially segregated spaces [62]. McAvay [95] has shown that enduring racial/ethnic residential segregation in France may "intertwine" with socioeconomic disadvantage across different ethnoracial groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misrecognition in a Sustainability Capital: Race, Representation, and Transportation Survey Response Rates in the Portland Metropolitan Area

2019

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US household transportation surveys typically have limited coverage of and responses from people of color (POC), which may lead to inaccurate estimation of POC transportation access and behavior. We recast this technocratic understanding of representativeness as a problem of "racial misrecognition" in which racial group difference is obscured yet foundational for distributive transportation inequities and unsustainability. We linked 2008-2012 population and housing data to an apparent stratified random sample of 6107 household responses to the 2011 Oregon Household Activity Survey (OHAS) in a "sustainability capital": the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. We detailed how the 2011 OHAS consistently overrepresented White households and underrepresented Latinx/Nonwhite households in aggregate and at the tract-level. We conducted tract-level spatial pattern and bivariate correlation analyses of our key variables of interest. As expected, our subsequent tract-level spatial error regression analysis demonstrated that the percent of Latinx/Nonwhite householders had a significant negative association with 2011 OHAS household response rates, net of other statistical controls. Further analyses revealed that the majority of the ten "typical" tracts that best represented the spatial error regression results and racial misrecognition in the OHAS exhibited historical and contemporary patterns of racial exclusion and socially unsustainable development in our study area.

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“…Yet, violence by the police, or state–sponsored violence, 9 against Black and Arab individuals is not a new issue in France, particularly when considering its colonial history. On October 17, 1961, during the Algerian War of Independence, the French national police, under Maurice Papon, repressed a demonstration of Algerians, and drowned dozens—some reports say hundreds—in the Seine river which traverses Paris (Bertaux 2011; Body–Gendrot 2010). This incident and other examples of torture and brutality by the French state are rarely discussed.…”

Section: State–sponsored Violence Amid Covid–19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying Conditions: Global Anti–Blackness amid COVID–19

Beaman

2020

City & Community

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Recent events have revealed two global crises-one, the COVID-19 pandemic and related quarantine measures, and two, police violence against Black individuals and subsequent protests. Both reveal how anti-blackness is global, and how populations racialized as Black are forever suspect and marginalized. As a Black woman who has researched race and racism in France for over a decade, I see how these two crises present themselves in France as indictive of how anti-blackness manifests globally. On April 18, 2020, in Villeneuve-la-Garenne, a banlieue 1 in the Hauts-de-Seine département north of Paris, Mouldi, a 30-year-old man, left his apartment and went on a brief ride on his moped to get some air that evening. He later admitted he did not have the proper attestation, or signed certificate needed in order to travel more than five kilometers from one's home during France's COVID-19-related quarantine period. He quickly collided with a police car. Accounts vary, but some residents felt the officers purposely opened the police car door as Mouldi approached, causing him multiple injuries including a broken leg. In the immediate days afterwards, some residents burned cars and buildings and shot fireworks and police fired teargas at protestors in both Villeneuve-la-Garenne and nearby banlieues. As one French analysis put it, this is revolt against "the police who control them all year round, who 'tutoyer' them, 2 who insult them, who violate them" (Ramdani 2020; Le Parisien 2020). From his hospital bed, Mouldi appealed for calm (Le Parisien 2020; McAuley 2020a; Ramdani 2020). This incident reflects both the confinement of marginalized populations, even before COVID-19 as I discuss below, as well as the tenuous relations between racial and ethnic minorities-or visible minorities in French parlance-and the police. COVID-19 has illustrated various racial and ethnic inequalities, or the general marginalization of Black individuals, and the global attention to the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, has illustrated the persistence of anti-Black violence around the world. RACE, PLACE, AND MARGINALITY In an interview in March with Mediapart (a French online journal), Youcef Brakini, an activist working with Comité Vérité et Justice pour Adama, stated "all year round, the quartiers populaires [working-class neighborhoods] are confined" (Polloni 2020). Between March 17th and May 11th, France was under lockdown, or l'état d'urgence sanitaire

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Police marginality, racial logics and discrimination in thebanlieuesof France

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

The Trauma Lens of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities

The Trauma Lens of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities

Misrecognition in a Sustainability Capital: Race, Representation, and Transportation Survey Response Rates in the Portland Metropolitan Area

Underlying Conditions: Global Anti–Blackness amid COVID–19

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