Police brutality, heightened vigilance, and the mental health of Black adults.

Alang, Sirry; VanHook, Cortney; Judson, Jessica; Ikiroma, Adalia; Adkins‐Jackson, Paris B.

doi:10.1037/vio0000418

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In another study, police brutality was found to be associated with both depressive mood and GAD among Black adults. Heightened vigilance moderated this association, accounting for 11% of the total effect of police brutality on depressive mood and 21% of the total effect of police brutality on GAD [ 23 ]. In this study, nearly a third of the sample met the criteria for both GAD (32.7%) and depressive mood (31.1%), and negative police encounters were reported by more than half of the sample.…”

Section: Generalized Anxiety Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety-Related Disorders in the Context of Racism

MacIntyre

Zare

Williams

2023

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review The literature on racism and anxiety-related disorders, especially social anxiety, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, is notably lacking. This report aims to review recent evidence demonstrating the link between racial discrimination and various anxiety-related disorders. Recent Findings Anxiety-related disorders were the most significant mediator for daily discrimination and suicidal thoughts, above both depression and substance use. Further, studies showed that racial discrimination promotes posttraumatic stress and racial trauma among people of color. Systemic racism puts people of color at a higher risk for anxiety disorders than White people. Clinical case examples provide lived evidence of diverse racial and ethnic individuals suffering from anxiety-related disorders, with the development and worsening of symptoms due to racism and microaggressions. Summary There is a prominent need for recent research on anxiety-related disorders and racism. Recommendations for clinicians and future research directions are provided. These actions are required to address bias and mental health inequities and empower people of color.

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Section: Generalized Anxiety Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety-Related Disorders in the Context of Racism

MacIntyre

Zare

Williams

2023

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Section: Overview Of the Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings reinforce those from earlier studies and highlight the relationships between perceptions of law enforcement and safety with physical and mental health. Alang et al (2022) illustrate the distress that Black adults experience as a result of their encounters with law enforcement in their article entitled "Police Brutality, Heightened Vigilance and the Mental Health of Black Adults." They conducted secondary data analysis using cross-sectional survey responses from 623 Black adults living in urban areas in the United States.…”

Section: Overview Of the Articles Community Members Experiences With ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They conducted secondary data analysis using cross-sectional survey responses from 623 Black adults living in urban areas in the United States. Alang et al (2022) found that more than half of the sample had past negative encounters with the police. Negative encounters with the police were positively associated with depression and anxiety and heightened vigilance partially explained these relationships.…”

Section: Overview Of the Articles Community Members Experiences With ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negative encounters with the police were positively associated with depression and anxiety and heightened vigilance partially explained these relationships. Both Stansfield's and Alang et al's (2022) studies point to fear of law enforcement as a risk factor for mental health issues and highlight the need for practitioners to help Black residents from urban communities manage the stress that emanates from these concerns. Kincade and Fox (2022), in their article, "'Runs in the Family': Fear of Police Violence and Separation Among Black Families in Central Alabama," report on qualitative findings from focus groups with 20 Black parents in Birmingham, Alabama regarding how they educate their children about how to survive encounters with law enforcement.…”

Section: Overview Of the Articles Community Members Experiences With ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Police, violence, and social justice: A call for research and introduction to the special issue.

Bent‐Goodley¹,

Vil²,

Cuevas³

et al. 2022

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: Black people compose 13% of the U.S. population but 23% of fatal police shootings (McLeod et al., 2020). Numerous studies have documented the negative mental health consequences experienced by communities of color due to negative experiences with law enforcement (Muchow & Amuedo-Dorantes, 2020; Smith et al., 2019). The goal of this special issue of the Psychology of Violence is to spotlight and encourage research that informs the development of effective policies and practices to reduce systemic violence and improve relationships between the police and the communities they serve. Method: This special issue includes 10 articles. These studies use a variety of methods including cross-sectional quantitative surveys (n = 4), qualitative focus groups and interviews (n = 4), experiments (n = 1), and critical reviews (n = 1). Results: Several themes emerge from these studies: (a) there are high levels of fear and mistrust between communities of color and law enforcement; (b) some exemplary police officers have developed strategies to de-escalate conflict and rebuild community trust; (c) White Americans who believe there is systemic racial injustice are more likely to be supportive of Black Lives Matter protests; and (d) police violence against Black communities is a global concern. Discussion: There is much still to be learned regarding the long-term impact of fear and mistrust of the police on communities of color and how to mitigate these impacts through trauma-informed interventions. Programs and policies are needed to address the historic roots of systemic racism in law enforcement. Conclusion: There are opportunities to address the historic and contemporary issues that impact police and community relations and address systemic violence in policing. These articles present a call to action to advance social justice in policing and address the long term trauma that exists in communities disproportionately impacted by police violence.

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The differential impact of COVID‐19 across health service psychology students of color: An embedded mixed‐methods study

et al. 2023

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Objectives Communities of color in the United States systematically experience inequities in physical and mental health care compared to individuals who identify as non‐Hispanic White. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic exacerbated these structural drivers of inequity to disproportionate and devastating effects for persons of color. In addition to managing the direct effects of COVID‐19 risk, persons of color were also navigating increased racial prejudice and discrimination. For mental health professionals and trainees of color, the effects of COVID‐19 racial health disparities and the increase in acts of racism may have been compounded by their work responsibilities. The current study used an embedded mixed‐methods approach to examine the differential impact of COVID‐19 on health service psychology (HSP) students of color as compared to their non‐Hispanic White peers. Method Using quantitative and qualitative data from the Epidemic‐Pandemic Impacts Inventory, measures of perceived support and of discrimination, and open‐ended questions about students' experiences with racism and microaggressions, we examined the extent to which different racial/ethnic HSP student groups experienced COVID‐19‐related discrimination, the impacts of COVID‐19 felt by students of color, and how these experiences differed from those of their non‐Hispanic White peers. Results HSP students of color endorsed greater impacts of the pandemic on both self and others in the home, perceived themselves as less supported by others, and reported more experiences of racial discrimination than non‐Hispanic White HSP students. Conclusion Throughout the graduate experience, HSP students of color and their experiences of discrimination need to be addressed. We provided recommendations to HSP training program directors and students both during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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Police brutality, heightened vigilance, and the mental health of Black adults.

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Anxiety-Related Disorders in the Context of Racism

Anxiety-Related Disorders in the Context of Racism

Police, violence, and social justice: A call for research and introduction to the special issue.

The differential impact of COVID‐19 across health service psychology students of color: An embedded mixed‐methods study

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