Poled-fiber source of broadband polarization-entangled photon pairs

Zhu, Eric Y.; Tang, Zhiyuan; Qian, Li; Helt, L. G.; Liscidini, Marco; Sipe, J. E.; Corbari, C.; Canagasabey, Albert; Ibsen, M.; Kazansky, Peter G.

doi:10.1364/ol.38.004397

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…29 It is also the motivation for high-speed quantum random number generators 30 and broadband entangled photon sources. 31 Practical QKD has steered innovation and is a precursor in the field of Quantum Information Processing.…”

Section: Why Practical Challenges In Qkd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Diamanti¹,

Lo²,

Qi³

et al. 2016

npj Quantum Inf

623

468

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditional security in data communication and is currently being deployed in commercial applications. Nonetheless, before QKD can be widely adopted, it faces a number of important challenges such as secret key rate, distance, size, cost and practical security. Here, we survey those key challenges and the approaches that are currently being taken to address them. For thousands of years, human beings have been using codes to keep secrets. With the rise of the Internet and recent trends to the Internet of Things, our sensitive personal financial and health data as well as commercial and national secrets are routinely being transmitted through the Internet. In this context, communication security is of utmost importance. In conventional symmetric cryptographic algorithms, communication security relies solely on the secrecy of an encryption key. If two users, Alice and Bob, share a long random string of secret bits-the key-then they can achieve unconditional security by encrypting their message using the standard one-time-pad encryption scheme. The central question then is: how do Alice and Bob share a secure key in the first place? This is called the key distribution problem. Unfortunately, all classical methods to distribute a secure key are fundamentally insecure because in classical physics there is nothing preventing an eavesdropper, Eve, from copying the key during its transit from Alice to Bob. On the other hand, standard asymmetric or public-key cryptography solves the key distribution problem by relying on computational assumptions such as the hardness of factoring. Therefore, such schemes do not provide information-theoretic security because they are vulnerable to future advances in hardware and algorithms, including the construction of a large-scale quantum computer.

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Section: Why Practical Challenges In Qkd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Diamanti¹,

Lo²,

Qi³

et al. 2016

npj Quantum Inf

623

468

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this letter, we overcome all the above issues by utilizing biphotons in a common-path, alignment-free nonlinear interferometer [13], and directly measure the second-, and the third-order dispersion (dispersion slope) of a short silica fiber. The interferometer we use is an all-fiber configuration consisting of two coherently-pumped fiber-based biphoton sources [14,15] [ Fig. 1(a)].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a)]. The biphotons are generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in two periodically-poled silica fibers (PPSFs) [15], fibers with non-zero second-order nonlinearities. The PPSFs are quasi-phase-matched [16] for the generation of biphotons at ~ 1550 nm, which interfere at the output of the interferometer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alignment-free dispersion measurement with interfering biphotons

et al. 2019

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Measuring the dispersion of photonic devices with small dispersion-length products is challenging due to the phase-sensitive, and alignment-intensive nature of conventional methods. In this letter, we demonstrate a quantum technique to extract the second-, and third-order chromatic dispersion of a short single-mode fiber using a fiber-based quantum nonlinear interferometer. The interferometer consists of two cascaded fiber-based biphoton sources, with each source acting as a nonlinear beamsplitter. A fiber under test is placed in between these two sources, and introduces a frequency-dependent phase that is imprinted upon the biphoton spectrum (interferogram) at the output of the interferometer. This interferogram contains within it the dispersion properties of the test fiber. Our technique has three novel features: (1) The broadband nature of the biphoton sources used in our setup allows accurate dispersion measurements on test devices with small dispersionlength products; (2) our all-fiber common-path interferometer requires no beam alignment or phase stabilization; (3) multiple phase-matching processes supported in our biphoton sources enables dispersion measurements at different wavelengths, which yields the third-order dispersion, achieved for the first time using a quantum optical technique.Chromatic dispersion is an important physical property that affects the propagation of optical pulses in photonic systems; in linear systems it is used for pulse shaping [1], while in nonlinear systems it plays an important role in soliton propagation, and affects the efficiency of many nonlinear interactions [2]. Dispersion characterization is then crucial for designing optimized photonic devices. Significant effort has been expended in past decades on extracting the chromatic dispersion of materials using classical light sources. Techniques such as time-of-flight [3], and modulation phase shift [4] were introduced to measure the dispersion of components with large dispersion-length products. Components with small dispersion-length products were characterized with temporal [5], and spectral [6] white-light interferometry (WLI), with the latter proving to be the more robust method against environmental noise [7].

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“…In order to systematically implement these more advanced poled fiber designs, we report here the development of comprehensive numerical models of the induction poling mechanism itself via 2D simulations of ion migration and space-charge region formation using finite element analysis. © 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes : (190.4370) Nonlinear optics, fibers; (230.4320) Nonlinear optical devices; (190.2620) Harmonic generation and mixing; (230.1150) All-optical devices; (000.4430) Numerical approximation and analysis.The development of thermal poling, a technique to generate effective second order nonlinearities in silica optical fibers [1], has found widespread applications in parametric frequency conversion [2], electro-optic modulation, switching [3] and polarization-entangled photon pair generation [4]. During thermal poling, the optical fiber is heated in order to increase the mobility of the impurity charge carriers (typically Na + , Li + , K + ), while a high voltage is applied for a certain time between two electrodes embedded into the fiber [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of thermal poling, a technique to generate effective second order nonlinearities in silica optical fibers [1], has found widespread applications in parametric frequency conversion [2], electro-optic modulation, switching [3] and polarization-entangled photon pair generation [4]. During thermal poling, the optical fiber is heated in order to increase the mobility of the impurity charge carriers (typically Na + , Li + , K + ), while a high voltage is applied for a certain time between two electrodes embedded into the fiber [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical fiber poling by induction: analysis by 2D numerical modeling

et al. 2016

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Since their first demonstration some 25 years ago, thermally poled silica fibers have been used to realize device functions such as electro-optic modulation, switching, polarization entangled photons and optical frequency conversion with a number of advantages over bulk free-space components. We have recently developed an innovative induction poling technique that could allow for the development of complex microstructured fiber geometries for highly efficient χ (2) based device applications. In order to systematically implement these more advanced poled fiber designs, we report here the development of comprehensive numerical models of the induction poling mechanism itself via 2D simulations of ion migration and space-charge region formation using finite element analysis. © 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes : (190.4370) Nonlinear optics, fibers; (230.4320) Nonlinear optical devices; (190.2620) Harmonic generation and mixing; (230.1150) All-optical devices; (000.4430) Numerical approximation and analysis.The development of thermal poling, a technique to generate effective second order nonlinearities in silica optical fibers [1], has found widespread applications in parametric frequency conversion [2], electro-optic modulation, switching [3] and polarization-entangled photon pair generation [4]. During thermal poling, the optical fiber is heated in order to increase the mobility of the impurity charge carriers (typically Na + , Li + , K + ), while a high voltage is applied for a certain time between two electrodes embedded into the fiber [5]. The static electric field due to the application of the high voltage causes the impurity charges to drift from regions at high potential towards regions at lower potential creating a space charge region located near the anode. When the sample is cooled down whilst the voltage is still applied, an electric field is frozen into the depleted region and an effective nonlinear susceptibility ( ) is induced into the sample due to a process of third order nonlinear optical rectification. The early issues mainly related to the high risk of breakdown between the two electrodes (typically separated by a few tens of microns) were addressed by Margulis et al. [6], who demonstrated that it is possible to induce a value of ( ) higher than the one obtained in the conventional case[5] by means of a poling configuration in which the two embedded electrodes are both connected to the same positive potential of the anode. The method for "charging" optical fibers has been recently further developed by De Lucia et al. [7], who discovered that it is possible to create a space charge region using electrostatic induction between an external inductor and the floating electrodes embedded inside a fused silica twin-hole fiber. As this novel technique avoids any physical contact to the internally embedded electrodes, it automatically lifts a number of restrictions on the use of microstructured optical fibers for poling where the multiple contacting of individual electrodes becomes a prohibit...

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Poled-fiber source of broadband polarization-entangled photon pairs

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Alignment-free dispersion measurement with interfering biphotons

Optical fiber poling by induction: analysis by 2D numerical modeling

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