“…Notch filters play an important role in numerous applications, including bioengineering, microwave photonics filter and digital imaging for interference cancellation (Levkov et al, 2005; Xu and Yao, 2015; Dash and Ray, 2019; Varghese et al, 2020). A lot of efforts have been made in recent years to optimize the notch filter design for improved performance, high-dimensional scalability and adaptive ability (Pei et al, 2017; Piyachaiyakul and Charoenlarpnopparut, 2011; Wu et al, 2021). In many cases, the interference frequencies often vary with time, which requires the real-time notch filtering based on the frequency estimates.…”