“…The first term in Eq. ( 1) refers to the minimal coupling between a particle with charge q and a vector field propagating with the speed of light c. By ignoring the effects produced by the conduction band electrons, the effective electron mass m * is assumed to be constant and thus the non-parabolicity of the conduction band is neglected [94][95][96]. Furthermore, in the coordinate representation, the vector potential A is expressed in the symmetric gauge A = B 2 (−y, x, 0) which in a polar-coordinate system has the form…”
Section: Theoretical Model a Energy Spectrum Of The Single Quantum Su...mentioning
We examine the effect of non-equilibrium processes modeled by the introduction of a generalized Boltzmann factor on the thermal and magnetic properties of an array of two-dimensional GaAs quantum dots in the presence of an external uniform and constant magnetic field. The model consists of a single-electron subject to a confining Gaussian potential with a spin-orbit interaction in the Rashba approach. We compute the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility within the formalism of χ 2 -superstatistics from the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation. Furthermore, an analytic solution for the partition function allows a study of the impact of the number of subsystems on the superstatistical corrections and confirms that the ordinary thermo-magnetic properties are recovered whenever the thermal distribution can be approximated by a Dirac delta. Also, we found a progressive disappearance of the Schottky anomaly with decreasing number of subsystems, while the specific heat ceases to be a monotonically increasing function with respect to the average temperature when the χ 2 -distribution is spread over a large range of temperatures. Remarkably, the introduction of fluctuations in the temperature is found to suppress the paramagnetic phase transition that would otherwise appear at low temperatures. Finally, we emphasize that an appropriate construction of the definition of physical observables is crucial for obtaining a correct description of the physics derived from a non-extensive construction of the entropy.
“…The first term in Eq. ( 1) refers to the minimal coupling between a particle with charge q and a vector field propagating with the speed of light c. By ignoring the effects produced by the conduction band electrons, the effective electron mass m * is assumed to be constant and thus the non-parabolicity of the conduction band is neglected [94][95][96]. Furthermore, in the coordinate representation, the vector potential A is expressed in the symmetric gauge A = B 2 (−y, x, 0) which in a polar-coordinate system has the form…”
Section: Theoretical Model a Energy Spectrum Of The Single Quantum Su...mentioning
We examine the effect of non-equilibrium processes modeled by the introduction of a generalized Boltzmann factor on the thermal and magnetic properties of an array of two-dimensional GaAs quantum dots in the presence of an external uniform and constant magnetic field. The model consists of a single-electron subject to a confining Gaussian potential with a spin-orbit interaction in the Rashba approach. We compute the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility within the formalism of χ 2 -superstatistics from the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation. Furthermore, an analytic solution for the partition function allows a study of the impact of the number of subsystems on the superstatistical corrections and confirms that the ordinary thermo-magnetic properties are recovered whenever the thermal distribution can be approximated by a Dirac delta. Also, we found a progressive disappearance of the Schottky anomaly with decreasing number of subsystems, while the specific heat ceases to be a monotonically increasing function with respect to the average temperature when the χ 2 -distribution is spread over a large range of temperatures. Remarkably, the introduction of fluctuations in the temperature is found to suppress the paramagnetic phase transition that would otherwise appear at low temperatures. Finally, we emphasize that an appropriate construction of the definition of physical observables is crucial for obtaining a correct description of the physics derived from a non-extensive construction of the entropy.
“…Moreover, m * is the effective electron mass which is taken as a constant in order to neglect the non-parabolicity of the conduction band. Consequently, the effects produced by the conduction electrons are not taken into account in the present work [49][50][51]. The term ĤGauss corresponds to the confining potential, VSOI (ρ, φ) is the SOI and the last term is the Zeeman coupling of the external magnetic field B with the electron spin Ŝ.…”
Section: Theoretical Model a Energy Spectrum Of The Quantum Systemmentioning
In this paper, we examine the effect of introducing a conical disclination on the thermal and optical properties of a two dimensional GaAs quantum dot in the presence of a uniform and constant magnetic field. In particular, our model consists of a single-electron subject to a confining Gaussian potential with a spin-orbit interaction in the Rashba approach. We compute the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility from the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation via the canonical partition function, and it is shown that the peak structure of the Schottky anomaly is linearly displaced as a function of the topological defect. We found that such defect and the Rashba coupling modify the values of the temperature and magnetic field in which the system behaves as a paramagnetic material. Remarkably, the introduction of a conical disclination in the quantum dot relaxes the selection rules for the electronic transitions when an external electromagnetic field is applied. This creates a new set of allowed transitions causing the emergence of semi-suppressed resonances in the absorption coefficient as well as in the refractive index changes which are blue-shifted with respect to the regular transitions for a quantum dot without the defect.
“…The pressure beyond 4 GPa has not been considered in the present research since the direct to indirect band gap transition of GaAs is at about 4 GPa. [23] The variation of dielectric constant with hydrostatic pressure is given as…”
Simultaneous effect of hydrostatic pressure and polaronic mass on the binding energies of the ground and excited states of an on-center hydrogenic impurity confined in a GaAs/GaAlAs spherical quantum dot are theoretically investigated by the variational method within the effective mass approximation. The binding energy is calculated as a function of dot radius and pressure. Our findings proved that the hydrostatic pressure led to the decrease of confined energy and the increase of donor binding energy. Conduction band non-parabolicity and the polaron masses are effective in the donor binding energy which is significant for narrow dots not in the confined energy. The maximum donor binding energy achieved by the polaronic mass in the ground and excited states are 2%–19% for the narrow dots. The confined and donor binding energies approach zero as the dot size approaches infinity.
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