Polaron master equation theory of the quantum-dot Mollow triplet in a semiconductor cavity-QED system

Roy, C.; Hughes, Stephen

doi:10.1103/physrevb.85.115309

Cited by 80 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Note that while we do not include detailed cavity effects here, which give rise to qualitatively different behaviour in Refs. [30,31], our results demonstrate that for a QD TLS at least, an increase in sideband splitting off-resonance does not necessarily imply an associated phonon-induced increase in sideband width.Summary.-We have shown that the balance of coherent to incoherent emission from a driven TLS can be fundamentally altered by environmental interactions, leading to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence attainable in solid-state emitters. In the context of driven QDs, enhanced coherent scattering can occur with increasing driving strength, due to thermalisation in the QD steady-state with respect to the phonon bath.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

McCutcheon

Nazir

2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We study the crucial role played by the solid-state environment in determining the photon emission characteristics of a driven quantum dot. For resonant driving, we predict a phonon-enhancement of the coherently emitted radiation field with increasing driving strength, in stark contrast to the conventional expectation of a rapidly decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving. This surprising behaviour results from thermalisation of the dot with respect to the phonon bath, and leads to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence in which significant coherent scattering and the Mollow triplet coexist. Off-resonance, we show that despite the phonon influence, narrowing of dot spectral sideband widths can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an experimental trend.PACS numbers: 78.67. Hc, As described by Mollow, the spectrum of light scattered from a resonantly driven two-level system (TLS) depends crucially on the relative size of the laser driving strength to the TLS radiative decay rate [1]. For weak driving, the light is predominately coherently (or elastically) scattered, resulting in a single (delta function) peak in the emission spectrum at the laser frequency. At larger driving strengths, however, coherent scattering is strongly suppressed, and the emission becomes dominated by incoherent (inelastic) scattering from the TLSlaser dressed states [2]. This results in a triple-peak structure in the spectrum, known as the Mollow triplet.While these fundamental predictions have long been confirmed in the traditional quantum optical setting of driven atoms [3], interest has turned more recently to their observation in solid-state TLSs (artificial atoms) such as semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], single molecules [11], and superconducting circuits [12]. In the particular case of QDs, many of the archetypal features of atomic quantum optics have now been demonstrated, such as resonance fluorescence [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], coherent population oscillations [7,[13][14][15], photon anti-bunching [16,17], and two-photon interference [18][19][20]. Aside from being of fundamental interest, these observations also pave the way towards using QDs as efficient single photon sources [21][22][23][24], and for other quantum technologies [25].Thus, under appropriate conditions, the emission properties of a driven QD can bear close resemblance to the more idealised case of a driven atom in free space. QDs are, nevertheless, unavoidably coupled to their surrounding solid-state environments. For coherentlydriven (ground state) excitonic transitions in typical arsenide QDs, coupling to acoustic phonons has been demonstrated to dominate the QD-environment interaction [14,15], leading to the appearance of an excitationinduced dephasing contribution with a rate that varies with the square of the Rabi frequency (dot-laser coupling strength) [9,14,15,26]. This driving dependence is theoretically understood as resulting from phonons that induce transitions between the dressed states of the QD at...

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confidence: 67%

Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

McCutcheon

Nazir

2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…Though the damping of excitonic Rabi rotations (in the QD population) has been measured at various temperatures under pulsed excitation [14,15,17], the direct observation of temperature dependence in the field correlation properties and resonance fluorescence (RF) emission spectra of a single QD has not been reported. This is arguably the most relevant scenario for photonic applications, since it is crucial to understanding the competing roles played by the electromagnetic and solid-state environments in determining the QD optical emission characteristics and coherence [26][27][28][29].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To account for these processes, we PRL [23,[26][27][28], which allows us to derive an explicit expression for the emission spectrum of the QD in terms of experimental parameters and microscopic constants characterizing the QD-phonon coupling. We model the excitonic degree of freedom of the QD as a two-level-system, and couple it to two harmonic oscillator baths, which represent both the electromagnetic field into which light is emitted, and the phonon environment present in the substrate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature-Dependent Mollow Triplet Spectra from a Single Quantum Dot: Rabi Frequency Renormalization and Sideband Linewidth Insensitivity

Yu¹,

He²,

Lu³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We investigate temperature-dependent resonance fluorescence spectra obtained from a single selfassembled quantum dot. A decrease of the Mollow triplet sideband splitting is observed with increasing temperature, an effect we attribute to a phonon-induced renormalization of the driven dot Rabi frequency. We also present first evidence for a nonperturbative regime of phonon coupling, in which the expected linear increase in sideband linewidth as a function of temperature is canceled by the corresponding reduction in Rabi frequency. These results indicate that dephasing in semiconductor quantum dots may be less sensitive to changes in temperature than expected from a standard weak-coupling analysis of phonon effects. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.097401 PACS numbers: 78.67.Hc, 71.38.-k, 78.47.-p Self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) provide a promising platform for quantum information processing using single spins [1,2] and photons [3][4][5][6]. Such applications require QD quantum coherence to be preserved on time scales sufficient for performing high fidelity quantum operations, and for emitted single photons to possess a large degree of indistinguishability [7][8][9]. Indistinguishable photons can be produced by s-shell resonant optical excitation of a single QD [10][11][12], wherein an electron-hole pair is created directly without any relaxation from higher states, which would otherwise cause inhomogeneous broadening in the QD emission spectrum. The coherence time (T 2 ) of such photons is able to approach the Fourier transform limit, T 2 ¼ 2T 1 (with T 1 the QD radiative lifetime) at low temperatures (∼4 K) and weak driving strengths [13].As the intensity of the pump laser increases, however, an additional power dependent dephasing contribution arises, even at low temperatures [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This is often termed excitation induced dephasing (EID), which commonly originates from deformation potential coupling of QD excitons to longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons. As the driving strength increases, so does the energy splitting of the excitonic dressed states, and excitations are then able to scatter with the increased density of phonons around this energy scale in the bulk semiconductor lattice. Driving dependence is thus a pronounced characteristic of EID, as was observed in Refs. [14,15], where QD excitonic Rabi oscillations were measured via photocurrents, and in Refs. [16,17] through driven QD optical emission.Besides EID, another direct manifestation of the phonon influence on a driven dot can be found in the dependence of its properties on temperature. In fact, an idealized two-level system (e.g., an isolated atom) should not show any change in emission behavior with temperature over the usual experimental range, in contrast to the response to changes PRL 113,

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“…Most often, these methods fully account for the dotlight coupling but treat the exciton-phonon interaction within further approximations. Examples of such approaches are the time-convolutionless approach [116,120,121], the correlation expansion [122,123,124,125,126], different types of master equations [116,53,64,127,88,128,93] or time-dependent perturbation theory [129,125]. For the Hamiltonian dynamics within the model established by Eqs.…”

Section: Theoretical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of strong light-matter coupling there is a strong interplay between exciton-phonon and light-matter interaction, which for example can be seen in the line-width broadening in the Mollow-Triplet [180,102]. The combined exciton-photon and exciton-phonon interaction in the strong coupling regime has been subject to many theoretical works [181,58,87,90,95,88,89,128,182,91]. A detailed discussion of the phenomena related to the interplay between these coupling mechanisms is beyond the scope of this review.…”

Section: Rabi Rotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of phonons for exciton and biexciton generation in an optically driven quantum dot

Reiter

Kuhn

Glässl

et al. 2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Abstract. For many applications of semiconductor quantum dots in quantum technology a well controlled state preparation of the quantum dot states is mandatory. Since quantum dots are embedded in the semiconductor matrix, the interaction with phonons plays often a major role in the preparation process. In this review, we discuss the influence of phonons on three basically different optical excitation schemes which can be used for the preparation of exciton, biexciton, and superposition states: a resonant excitation leading to Rabi rotations in the excitonic system, an excitation with chirped pulses exploiting the effect of adiabatic rapid passage, and an off-resonant excitation giving rise to a phononassisted state preparation. We give an overview over experimental and theoretical results showing the role of the phonons and compare the performance of the schemes for state preparation.

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Polaron master equation theory of the quantum-dot Mollow triplet in a semiconductor cavity-QED system

Cited by 80 publications

References 65 publications

Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

Temperature-Dependent Mollow Triplet Spectra from a Single Quantum Dot: Rabi Frequency Renormalization and Sideband Linewidth Insensitivity

The role of phonons for exciton and biexciton generation in an optically driven quantum dot

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