Polarographic Theory, Instrumentation, and Methodology

Lingane, James J.

doi:10.1021/ac60049a018

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Lingane and Jones reported n ϭ 2.7 for the coulometric oxidation of hydroxylammonium chloride in NaCl supporting electrolyte at Pt. 6 Davis 7 studied this oxidation at Pt at pH 1-13, with chronopotentiometry and found n ϭ 6, while coulometry yielded n ϭ 2 to 4.6; the n value decreased with increasing acidity. The discrepancies of results between the two methods were attributed to differences in the effects of the Pt oxide film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Nitric Acid to Hydroxylamine at Glassy Carbon Surfaces Modified by the Reduction of p-Phenylenediamine and p-Aminophenol in 1.0 M Nitric Acid: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study

Halaoui¹,

Sharifian²,

Bard³

2001

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The scanning electrochemical microscope ͑SECM͒ was used to study the electrochemical reduction of nitric acid to hydroxylamine at modified glassy carbon ͑GC͒ electrodes. The GC surface was modified by holding it at a negative potential in solutions of p-aminophenol, or p-phenylenediamine in 1.0 M nitric acid. The generated products were detected in generation/collection experiments with an SECM Pt ultramicroelectrode. The films that form on GC, apparently polymers of a quinone imine intermediate, can also be grown under similar conditions on indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ coated glass electrodes and appeared as dark orange-brown films. Atomic force microscope imaging revealed a highly porous structure. SECM and cyclic voltammetry studies showed that as a result of this surface filming, the GC electrodes exhibited an increase of at least 1 V in the hydrogen overpotential relative to the unmodified surface and the efficiency of the electrochemical reduction of nitric acid to hydroxylamine was dramatically enhanced. Bulk electrolysis of nitric acid at carbon in the presence of p-phenylenediamine resulted in a 75 to 85% current efficiency for hydroxylamine production at current densities of 0.5 to 0.8 A/cm 2. This procedure proved to be useful for the large-scale electrochemical production of hydroxylamine from nitric acid at an electrode other than liquid mercury.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Nitric Acid to Hydroxylamine at Glassy Carbon Surfaces Modified by the Reduction of p-Phenylenediamine and p-Aminophenol in 1.0 M Nitric Acid: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study

Halaoui¹,

Sharifian²,

Bard³

2001

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Reviews on oscillographic polarography in the literature (49,50,54,56,57,65) have tended to emphasize a specific part of the field, such as instrumentation, or to cover only a few of the oscillographic circuits and their applications. The present authors hope to give a more complete presentation of the field of oscillographic polarography and related subjects, as well as of the general area involving mercury electrodes.…”

Section: Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopic Investigation of Phenomena at Polarizable Mercury Electrodes.

Loveland¹,

Elving²

1952

Chem. Rev.

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Elektrochemische Analysenverfahren

Cruse¹

1953

Angewandte Chemie

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An ausgewählten Beispielen werden Verbesserungen und Erweiterungen elektrochemischer Analysenmethoden behandelt, die in jüngster Zeit teils als Folge elektrotechnischer Fortschritte und apparativer Verbesserungen hervortreten, zum andern Teil der Einführung sehr einfacher und dabei sehr präziser neuer Verfahren zu verdanken sind. Es werden erörtert: Die Konduktometrie, die Potentiometrie, die Polarographie, die Amperometrie, Polarisationstitrationen, die Hochfrequenztitration und die Coulometrie. Auf automatische Titrationsverfahren wird hingewiesen.

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Polarographic Theory, Instrumentation, and Methodology

Cited by 11 publications

References 96 publications

Reduction of Nitric Acid to Hydroxylamine at Glassy Carbon Surfaces Modified by the Reduction of p-Phenylenediamine and p-Aminophenol in 1.0 M Nitric Acid: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study

Reduction of Nitric Acid to Hydroxylamine at Glassy Carbon Surfaces Modified by the Reduction of p-Phenylenediamine and p-Aminophenol in 1.0 M Nitric Acid: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study

Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopic Investigation of Phenomena at Polarizable Mercury Electrodes.

Elektrochemische Analysenverfahren

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