Polarizing Region Tissue Grafting in the Chick Embryo Limb Bud

Stainton, Holly; Towers, Matthew

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8772-6_8

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Polarizing region grafts were performed as described in ( Stainton and Towers, 2018 ). Briefly, donor embryos were dissected in PBS and the polarizing regions removed using sharpened tungsten needles then transferred to the host embryo where they were grafted to equivalently sized regions of the host anterior limb bud and held in place with platinum pins of 25μm in diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoic acid influences the timing and scaling of avian wing development

Stainton

Towers

2022

Cell Reports

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Summary A fundamental question in biology is how embryonic development is timed between different species. To address this problem, we compared wing development in the quail and the larger chick. We reveal that pattern formation is faster in the quail as determined by the earlier activation of 5′ Hox genes, termination of developmental organizers ( Shh and Fgf8 ), and the laying down of the skeleton ( Sox9 ). Using interspecies tissue grafts, we show that developmental timing can be reset during a critical window of retinoic acid signaling. Accordingly, extending the duration of retinoic acid signaling switches developmental timing between the quail and the chick and the chick and the larger turkey. However, the incremental growth rate is comparable between all three species, suggesting that the pace of development primarily governs differences in the expansion of the skeletal pattern. The widespread distribution of retinoic acid could coordinate developmental timing throughout the embryo.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoic acid influences the timing and scaling of avian wing development

Stainton

Towers

2022

Cell Reports

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“…Embryos were dissected in DMEM and wing buds removed using fine tungsten needles, grafted in place of stage-matched host limb buds and held in place with 25 μm platinum pins. Polarising regions were grafted to the anterior and posterior margins of the wing buds of host embryos (tissue sizes 100 μm 3 for normal grafts, 25 μm 3 for small grafts) and held in place with 25 μm platinum pins (Stainton and Towers, 2018).…”

Section: Wing Bud and Polarising Region Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonic hedgehog specifies flight feather positional information in avian wings

et al. 2020

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Classical tissue recombination experiments performed in the chick embryo provide evidence that signals operating during early limb development specify the position and identity of feathers. Here, we show that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling in the embryonic chick wing bud specifies positional information required for the formation of adult flight feathers in a defined spatial and temporal sequence that reflects their different identities. We also reveal that Shh signalling is interpreted into specific patterns of Sim1 and Zic transcription factor expression, providing evidence of a putative gene regulatory network operating in flight feather patterning. Our data suggest that flight feather specification involved the co-option of the pre-existing digit patterning mechanism and therefore uncovers an embryonic process that played a fundamental step in the evolution of avian flight.

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“…Polarising region grafts were performed as described in (58) . Briefly, donor embryos were dissected in PBS and the polarising regions removed using sharpened tungsten needles then transferred to the host embryo where they were grafted to equivalently sized regions of the host anterior limb bud and held in place with 25μm diameter platinum pins.…”

Section: Polarising Region Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific developmental timing dictates expansion of the avian wing skeletal pattern

Stainton¹,

Towers²

2021

Preprint

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How development is timed between differently sized species is a fundamental question in biology. To address this problem, we compared wing development in the quail and the larger chick. We reveal that developmental timing is faster in the quail than in the chick, and is associated with pattern specification, proliferation, organiser duration, differentiation and apoptosis. However, developmental timing is independent of the growth rate, which is equivalent between both species, and therefore scales pattern to the size of the wing. We reveal that developmental timing can be either maintained or reset in interspecies tissue grafts, and we implicate retinoic acid as the resetting signal. Accordingly, retinoic acid can switch species developmental timing and rescale pattern, both between the quail and chick, and the chick and the larger turkey. We suggest that the scaling of pattern to wing bud size is achieved by the modulation of developmental timing against a comparable rate of growth.

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Polarizing Region Tissue Grafting in the Chick Embryo Limb Bud

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Retinoic acid influences the timing and scaling of avian wing development

Retinoic acid influences the timing and scaling of avian wing development

Sonic hedgehog specifies flight feather positional information in avian wings

Species-specific developmental timing dictates expansion of the avian wing skeletal pattern

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