Manganilvaite, CaFe 2+ Fe 3+ (Mn,Fe 2+)(Si 2 O 7)O(OH), is a new mineral species, the Mn end-member of the ilvaite group of minerals. It was found in the Pb-Zn-(Mn) skarn deposits of the central Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria, and especially in the Ossikovo and Mogilata deposits (Madan ore district) and the Govedarnika deposit (Laki district). In the marble-hosted distal skarn-type orebodies, it is closely associated with Mn-rich clinopyroxene (hedenbergite-johannsenite) ± rhodonite, and with the products of their retrograde alteration (manganoan amphiboles and chlorites, bustamite, manganoan carbonates, quartz). The mineral is black, with a vitreous luster, brittle, with a distinct cleavage. It has Mohs hardness of 5½-6 and a micro-indentation hardness (VHN 100) of 868 kg/mm 2. The measured density D x is 3.92 g/cm 3. In refl ected light, it is opaque with moderate pleochroism, from bluish gray to grayish brown, strongly anisotropic in grayish blue to pale reddish brown colors and with red internal refl ections. It is homogeneous in BSE images and in thin sections under the IR microscope, where it is transparent. The refl ectance is low, in the range 8.3-5.7% for R min (// c) and 10.0-9.3% for R max (// a). In some cases, well-shaped dipyramidal crystals occur, with a prismatic habit along c and forms r{011}, m{110}, s{210} and o{111}. The average results of 62 and 17 electron-microprobe analyses of manganilvaite from Ossikovo and Govedarnika, respectively, are (in wt.%): MgO 0.48, 0.45;