Polarized<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>He</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>as a Probe for Short-Range Spin-Dependent Interactions

Petukhov, A. K.; Pignol, G.; Jullien, D.; Andersen, K.H.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.170401

Cited by 93 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Despite this difficulty, our analysis results in constraints that are within two orders of magnitude of hadronic axion models. This is sig-nificantly closer than limits on monopole-dipole couplings come to constraining QCD axions [23][24][25][26]. Furthermore, axion mediated dipole-dipole coupling scales as 1/f 4 a , (f a is the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking parameter) independent of the QCD θ parameter.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Constraints on new pseudoscalar interactions can also be obtained from spin-independent tests of the inverse square law [22]. Other laboratory experiments constrain anomalous monopole-dipole couplings on length scales in the range of µm to mm [23][24][25][26]. Spin relaxation studies of hyperpolarized 3 He gas have been used to limit anomalous dipole-dipole interactions between neutrons at length scales of about 100 nm [27].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Constraints on Short-Range Spin-Dependent Interactions from Scalar Spin-Spin Coupling in Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen

2013

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A comparison between existing nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and calculations of the scalar spin-spin interaction (J-coupling) in deuterated molecular hydrogen (HD) yields stringent constraints on anomalous spin-dependent potentials between nucleons at the atomic scale (∼ 1Å). The dimensionless coupling constant g p P g N P /4π associated with exchange of pseudoscalar (axion-like) bosons between nucleons is constrained to be less than 5 × 10 −7 for boson masses in the range of 5 keV, representing improvement by a factor of 100 over previous constraints. The dimensionless coupling constant g −19 for bosons of mass < ∼ 1000 eV, improving constraints at this distance scale by a factor of 100 for proton-proton couplings and more than 8 orders of magnitude for neutron-proton couplings.PACS numbers: 14.80. Va, 11.40.Ha, Over the past few decades, searches for anomalous spin-dependent forces have drawn considerable interest as a signature of the axion [1], a hypothetical pseudoscalar Goldstone boson [2,3] arising out of the Peccei-Quinn solution to the strong-CP problem [4,5]. Axions are also appealing as a candidate for dark matter [6]. Other exotic spin-dependent interactions are predicted by a variety of novel theories such as those involving para-photons [7] and unparticles [8].The possible spin-dependent forces that could arise from exchange of scalar/pseudoscalar or vector gauge bosons are enumerated in Ref. [9]. Another theoretical framework for considering anomalous spin-dependent interactions comes from introducing nonzero torsion into general relativity, which causes gravity to acquire scalar and vector components that manifest as new spin-mass and spin-spin couplings [10][11][12][13]. Spontaneous Lorentz violation may also generate exotic spindependent interactions [14].Recent experiments have significantly improved constraints on long-range (tens of cm) dipole-dipole interactions between neutrons [15, 16] and monopole-dipole interactions between electrons and nucleons [17]. Earlier work constrained monopole-dipole interactions between nuclei [18] and anomalous dipole-dipole interactions between electrons [19,20] and electrons and nuclei [21]. Constraints on new pseudoscalar interactions can also be obtained from spin-independent tests of the inverse square law [22]. Other laboratory experiments constrain anomalous monopole-dipole couplings on length scales in the range of µm to mm [23][24][25][26]. Spin relaxation studies of hyperpolarized 3 He gas have been used to limit anomalous dipole-dipole interactions between neutrons at length scales of about 100 nm [27]. Because of the possibility that new force-mediating bosons may be massive and have limited range, it is of considerable interest to find experimental techniques to search for anomalous spin-dependent interactions at even shorter distances.Here we discuss constraints on the existence of anomalous dipole-dipole forces on angstrom length scales. Our constraints are obtained by comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and th...

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confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Constraints on Short-Range Spin-Dependent Interactions from Scalar Spin-Spin Coupling in Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen

2013

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“…A similar analysis has been performed for other polarized species: Pokotilovski [13] set a limit using the measured Γ 1 of optically polarized noble gas. The use of polarized gases to study the monopole-dipole interaction can be found also in other recent works [20,21].…”

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confidence: 96%

“…Blue, from Ref. [21], by using low density 3 He gas. the contributions to Γ 2 from external magnetic field gradients and the gradient in the monopole-dipole field from nearby unpolarized objects including the test mass discussed above, we can identify several other contributions to Γ 2 [22,25] which we list here along with a qualitative discussion of their possible effect on our proposed search.…”

Section: Systematic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits on possible new nucleon monopole-dipole interactions from the spin relaxation rate of polarizedHe3gas

Gentile

Snow

2011

Phys. Rev. D

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Various theories beyond the Standard Model predict new particles with masses in the sub-eV range with very weak couplings to ordinary matter. A P -odd and T -odd interaction between polarized and unpolarized nucleons proportional to s · r is one such possibility, where r is the distance between the nucleons and s is the spin of the polarized nucleon. Such an interaction involving a scalar coupling gs at one vertex and a pseudoscalar coupling gp at the other vertex can be induced by the exchange of spin-0 bosons. We show that measurements of the transverse spin relaxation rate Γ2 for polarized gas can be used to set limits on the product gsgp for boson masses in the 10µeV to 100 meV range, corresponding to distances from centimeters to micrometers. We present limits from both a reanalysis of previous measurements of Γ2 in 3 He spin exchange cells and from data in a test experiment searching for a change in Γ2 upon the motion of an unpolarized test mass. The outlook for more sensitive measurements using this technique is discussed.

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“…The detection of spin-dependent interactions, therefore, will enable to distinguish the axion from the scalar boson [15]. The static spin-dependent interactions have been carefully investigated for polarized electrons: experiments with a torsion pendulum [16][17][18][19][20][21] and paramagnetic salt [22][23][24] and for nucleons: measurements of precession frequency of atomic gases [25][26][27][28][29]; experiments with an ion trap [30] and neutron bound states [31,32]; spinrelaxation measurements of polarized particles [33][34][35][36]. On the other hand, the experimental constraints on the interactions dependent on both spins and the relative velocity are very few.…”

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Search for exotic spin-dependent interactions with a spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer

2016

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We propose a novel experimental approach to explore exotic spin-dependent interactions using a spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometer, the most sensitive non-cryogenic magneticfield sensor. This approach studies the interactions between optically polarized electron spins located inside a vapor cell of the SERF magnetometer and unpolarized or polarized particles of external solid-state objects. The coupling of spin-dependent interactions to the polarized electron spins of the magnetometer induces the tilt of the electron spins, which can be detected with high sensitivity by a probe laser beam similarly as an external magnetic field. We estimate that by moving unpolarized or polarized objects next to the SERF Rb vapor cell, the experimental limit to the spin-dependent interactions can be significantly improved over existing experiments, and new limits on the coupling strengths can be set in the interaction range below 10 −2 m.Recently, exotic spin-dependent interactions, predicted by string theories and many theoretical extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics [1][2][3], have attracted much attention in the community of physicists. Such theories are associated with the spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetries, leading to massless or very light Nambu-Goldston bosons [4][5][6], such as the axion [7], and axion-like-particles (ALPs) [2,8], which are candidates for cold dark matter [9,10]. These exotic particles are bosons and can weakly couple with ordinary particles, such as leptons or baryons. Moody and Wilczek [11] first proposed three possible types of interactions between polarized and unpolarized particles, which were later expanded by Dobrescu and Mocioiu [12] with the inclusion of the terms dependent on the relative velocity between the two interacting particles. A general classification of the interactions between particles contains sixteen types of structure of operators: fifteen of them depend on the spin of at least one of the particles and seven depend on the relative velocity of the particles. In this paper, we show a new experimental method to explore all the fifteen exotic spin-dependent interactions.The possible exotic spin-dependent interactions between polarized and unpolarized particles are (in SI units, where m p is the mass of the polarized particles,σ i is the spin vector of the i th polarized particle while σ i = σ i /2, is Planck's constant,r = r/r is a unit vector in the direction between the polarized and unpolarized particles, v is their relative velocity, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and λ is the interaction range.There are nine interactions between two polarized particles, three of which are not dependent of the relative velocity of the particles v,

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PolarizedHe3as a Probe for Short-Range Spin-Dependent Interactions

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Constraints on Short-Range Spin-Dependent Interactions from Scalar Spin-Spin Coupling in Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen

Constraints on Short-Range Spin-Dependent Interactions from Scalar Spin-Spin Coupling in Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen

Limits on possible new nucleon monopole-dipole interactions from the spin relaxation rate of polarizedHe3gas

Search for exotic spin-dependent interactions with a spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer

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