Polarized light biomicroscopic observations on the pre‐corneal tear film. 3. The normal tear film of the cat

Carrington, S. D.; Bedford, P. G. C.; Guillon, Jean-Pierre; Woodward, E. Geoffrey

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Accelerated tear BUTs of less than 5 s and histological confirmation of conjunctival GC deficiencies have been reported in three dogs 5 . One study reported tear film stability for up to 9 min in one cat 33 . To the authors’ knowledge, there are no reported mean tear BUTs for normal cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…5 One study reported tear film stability for up to 9 min in one cat. 33 To the authors' knowledge, there are no reported mean tear BUTs for normal cats. However, average tear BUTs of less than 3 s OU coupled with the histological evidence of moderately to markedly diminished GCs compared with the normal controls and return of normal GC counts after topical mucinomimetic therapy confirmed GC atrophy in these cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Ulcerative keratitis associated with qualitative tear film abnormalities in cats

Cullen

Njaa

Grahn

1999

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Three cats with indolent corneal ulcers and one cat with bilateral corneal sequestration and normal aqueous tear production were found to have rapid tear break-up times (BUTs). Tear BUTs in clinically affected cats averaged 2.5 +/- 1.29 s and 2.33 +/- 0.58 s for the right and left eyes, respectively. Palpebral conjunctival biopsies were harvested from consistent sites from each eye of affected cats (n = 7 affected eyes), and age-and breed-matched controls (n = 2 unaffected eyes). Light microscopy revealed a marked decrease to complete absence of conjunctival goblet cells (average goblet cell (GC):epithelial cell (EC) density = 18:50), conjunctival epithelial dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, and neutrophilic and mononuclear cell submucosal infiltration in affected cats. Specimens from the control cats had an average GC:EC density of 34:50, and minimal submucosal inflammatory infiltrate. The corneas (n = 7 eyes) healed following surgical keratectomy with (n = 2 eyes) or without (n = 1 eye) conjunctival pedicle flaps, superficial keratectomy and striate keratotomy with (n = 2 eyes) or without (n = 2 eyes) third eyelid flaps, and mucinomimetic tear supplementation (n = 5 eyes). Goblet cell regeneration was confirmed after 5 months of mucinomimetic supplementation (n = 2 eyes). The etiology for these mucin deficiencies remains unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ulcerative keratitis associated with qualitative tear film abnormalities in cats

Cullen

Njaa

Grahn

1999

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Compared with tear film BUTs in normal young beagles (19.7 ± 5 s), 6 tear film BUT was slightly more rapid in our young domestic cats (16.7 ± 4.5 s). This variation in results may be due, in part, to variations in tear film composition, 23–25 and hence, tear film stability of cats compared with dogs. In addition, the technique employed to assess tear film BUTs varied between the canine and our feline studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear film breakup times in young healthy cats before and after anesthesia

Cullen¹,

Lim

Sykes

2005

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine tear film breakup times (BUTs) in young healthy cats; (ii) to determine tear film BUTs in feline eyes within 8-20 h following general anesthesia; (iii) to determine if tear film BUTs vary significantly preoperatively when compared with values obtained 8-20 h postoperatively; (iv) to determine if Schirmer tear test (STT) values correlate with tear film BUTs in young healthy cats; and (v) to determine if the isolation of particular etiologic agents from conjunctival swabs of healthy cats affects tear film BUTs. We studied eighteen healthy Domestic Short-haired (n=14) and Domestic Long-haired (n=4) cats, with normal ocular examinations, ranging in age from 0.5 to 3 years. Complete ophthalmic examinations, including tear film BUTs, were performed on all cats. Conjunctival swabs from each eye of all cats and blood samples from all cats were collected and submitted for polymerase chain reaction screening for feline herpes virus, Chlamydophila felis, Mycoplasma spp., and calicivirus. In 10 of 18 cats, STT values and tear film BUTs were measured before general anesthesia was administered and again within 8-20 h following the end of anesthesia. Mean preanesthesia tear film BUTs for all 18 cats were 17.4+/-4.6 s OD and 16.0+/-4.5 s OS. Mean postanesthesia tear film BUT results were 12.5+/-4.3 and 13.1+/-4.0 s OD and OS, respectively. Postanesthesia tear film BUTs were significantly more rapid than those measured before anesthesia (OD only). There was also a positive correlation, both before and after anesthesia, between STT values in both eyes (OU) and tear film BUTs OU. The isolation or lack of isolation of conjunctival microorganisms using PCR did not significantly affect tear film BUTs. Mean tear film BUT in young healthy domestic cats is 16.7+/-4.5 s. Tear BUT is positively correlated with STT values. Although mean tear film BUTs OD at 8-20 h following anesthesia were more rapid than preanesthesia values, this difference did not appear clinically relevant.

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“…Excision of the majority of meibomian glandular tissue might be expected to lead to problems with an inadequate lipid component of the precorneal tear film. Polarized light biomicroscopy would be one way of attempting to assess the effects of this procedure on qualitative tear film properties 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%