Polarized ion sources for high-energy accelerators (invited)

Levy, C.D.P.; Zelenski, A.

doi:10.1063/1.1148609

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…It must be also remarked that before SERSE operation at 28 GHz was achieved only with a simple solenoidal field 14 and not aiming to the production of highly charged ions in a B-minimum structure.…”

Section: A Ecr Ion Sources and Microwave Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of the SERSE superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source at 28 GHz

Gammino

Ciavola

Celona

et al. 2001

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Articles you may be interested inThe preliminary tests of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source DECRIS-SC2a) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A334 (2012); 10.1063/1.3671746Performance and operation of advanced superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source SECRAL at 24 GHza) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A320 (2012); 10.1063/1.3666913Design of a compact, permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source for proton and H 2 + beam productiona) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A321 (2010); 10.1063/1.3267838 ARTEMIS-B: A room-temperature test electron cyclotron resonance ion source forThe SERSE source ͓P. Ludwig et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 4082 ͑1998͒, and references therein͔ is a superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ͑ECR͒ ion source, operating at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud in Catania since 1998; it is currently used as the main injector for the K-800 superconducting cyclotron. Its high magnetic field provides a high plasma confinement and large currents of highly charged ions, as compared to conventional sources. It can efficiently operate at the microwave frequency of 14 and 18 GHz ͓S. Gammino and G. Ciavola, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 631 ͑2000͒; S. Gammino et al., ibid. 70, 3577 ͑1999͔͒ and has been used as a test bench for injection at 28 GHz. High-frequency operation is expected to create a higher plasma density, thus resulting in larger currents of multiply charged ions. In this article, we report the first operation of an ECR ion source at 28 GHz by using a gyrotron. The gyrotron itself and the waveguide line are described, along with the operational results ͑in xenon gas for the sake of simplicity͒. Given the limited amount of power ͑about 4 kW͒, which can be injected in the plasma chamber during dc-mode operation, the results are less outstanding than in the pulsed mode ͑up to 6.5 kW͒. However, in both cases the beam intensities are far better than the ones obtained by the other ECR ion sources operating at lower frequencies.

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Section: A Ecr Ion Sources and Microwave Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of the SERSE superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source at 28 GHz

Gammino

Ciavola

Celona

et al. 2001

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…One solution, proposed by Peterson and Anderson [18], is to apply a large magnetic field so that the fluorescent light has an emission profile with at least one component that is non-resonant with spin-polarized atoms. This method is very effective for optical pumping of dense, non-pressure-broadened cells and has been in intensive use for decades at polarized ion sources around the world [19,20]. For spin-exchange optical pumping, the required magnetic fields would be on the order of 1 Tesla, which is impractical.…”

Section: Radiation Trappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen quenching gas on spin-exchange optical pumping ofHe3

Lancor

Walker

2010

Phys. Rev. A

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We consider the degree of conservation of nuclear spin polarization in the process of optical pumping under typical spin-exchange optical pumping conditions. Previous analyses have assumed that negligible nuclear spin precession occurs during the brief periods of time in which the alkali-metal atoms are in the excited state after absorbing photons and before undergoing quenching collisions with nitrogen molecules. We include excited-state hyperfine interactions, electronic spin relaxation in collisions with He and N 2 , spontaneous emission, quenching collisions, and a simplified treatment of radiation trapping.

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“…Originally built at KEK this ion source was greatly upgraded at TRIUMF. 1 For neutron spin studies, a source of polarized 3 He ions is needed (since the spin of 3 He is due to its neutron).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Source Ionizer Options for Polarized Ions

Hershcovitch¹

2000

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Presently, the RHIC Spin project includes a polarized proton program. And, there is a future need for sources of polarized 3 He ions for RHIC and elsewhere. Ideas for intense sources of H + and 3 He ++ ions, as well as ionizer options for polarized 3 He ion sources are discussed. Polarized 3 He ions had been accelerated over thirty years ago. However, only a few 3 He ion sources have been in operation, even though polarized 3 He ion beams can be very useful in nuclear and high energy physics research. A major problem is the low output current yields and/or low polarization of these sources. A major culprit for the low outputs has been poor ionizer performance. Two types of ionizers are considered: magnetized Z-pinches and fiber cathode electron beam ionizers. Recently copious amounts of fully striped helium have been extracted from LIZ-MeV (A magnetized Zpinch ion source). Several kA of current were extracted. Discharge pulse length was 2.2 ìsec. To realize the magnitude of this output, 1 kA of He ++ in this pulse length yields about 1.4x10 16 He ++ per pulse. A minute fraction of this output would satisfy any RHIC polarized neutron program requirements. A magnetized Z-pinch ion source can generate even larger quantities of H + to enhance OPPIS. Polarized 3 He ion source ionizers are evaluated: one utilizes a fiber tip electron beam to ionize helium of an existing polarized 3 He internal target. The other method relies on fast stripping of 3 He atoms to form 3 He ++ inside LIZ-MeV. Quick ionization (before any depolarization or other losses can occur) and simplicity are the main advantages of these approaches.

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Polarized ion sources for high-energy accelerators (invited)

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Operation of the SERSE superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source at 28 GHz

Operation of the SERSE superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source at 28 GHz

Effects of nitrogen quenching gas on spin-exchange optical pumping ofHe3

Novel Source Ionizer Options for Polarized Ions

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