Polarization-mode dispersion sensitivity and monitoring in 40-Gbit/s OTDM and 10-Gbit/s NRZ transmission experiments

Ishikawa, G.; Ooi, H.

doi:10.1109/ofc.1998.657256

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The total PMD for 320-km long SPDMF, MDF, and SMF link were measured to be 1.52, 1.18, and 1.24 ps, respectively. All these values were within the 1-dB power penalty limit for 40-Gb/s based systems [7]. The average Q-factor for SPDMF was measured to be 20.4 dB (BER: ~1.6 x 10 -26 ) after 320-km transmission.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

Transmission of 40-Gb/s x 8-WDM channels with 0.4-(bits/s)/Hz spectral efficiency using short-period dispersion-managed fiber

2002

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

Transmission of 40-Gb/s x 8-WDM channels with 0.4-(bits/s)/Hz spectral efficiency using short-period dispersion-managed fiber

2002

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“…Eye diagrams and delay-tap plots reveal the effect of PMD [12,13], while it is still challenging to measure the value of PMD in the presence of other impairments. RF tone power can be used to monitor PMD [14], though it is also affected by chromatic dispersion (CD) [15]. CD-insensitive PMD monitoring techniques were proposed in [16,17], where clock tone was used as the monitoring signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD-insensitive PMD monitoring based on RF power measurement

Yang¹,

Chen²,

Cheng³

et al. 2011

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We propose and experimentally demonstrate a chromatic dispersion (CD)-insensitive first-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) monitoring method based on radio-frequency (RF) power measurement. In high-speed (>10-GSym/s) transmission systems, a narrowband fiber Bragg grating (FBG) notch filter filters out the optical components at 10GHz away from the carrier. After square-law detection, the 10-GHz RF tone changes with PMD and is insensitive to CD, which can be used as a PMD monitoring signal. Compared with the monitoring techniques utilizing clock tone, the PMD measurement range is increased from 26.3-ps to 50-ps while the requirement of the bandwidth of photodetector is reduced from 19GHz to 10GHz in 19-Gsym/s systems. It is experimentally shown that this technique is efficient on CD-insensitive first-order PMD monitoring for 38-Gbit/s DQPSK and 57-Gbit/s D8PSK systems.

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“…Various monitoring schemes have been demonstrated, including optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring [1,2], dispersion monitoring [3][4][5], bit error rate (BER) monitoring, etc. Because BER is the most preferred parameter for fault management, its monitoring techniques are gaining importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel optical performance monitoring techniques using jittered electro‐optical sampling pulses

Jong

Tsao

Lee

2008

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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reduced. As shown in Figure 7, the peak directivity of this case is less than 4 dBi at 5.80 GHz (compared with more than 7 dBi in the Fins PNRE case). CONCLUSIONAn impedance-matched, 5.8-GHz extruded-fin heatsink antenna was introduced having two orthogonal fin orientations. The orientation was shown to have a significant effect on the antenna directivity and gain performance across a frequency range. Thus, the extruded-fin heatsink provides the flexibility of either a highor low-directivity antenna simply by the orientation of the fins. The best choice will be determined by the specific application.Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the extruded-fin heatsink can improve the antenna performance while reducing the component count and providing a mechanism for removing thermal energy from high-power electronics such as an RF power amplifier. These performance improvements allow the use of lowcost, lossy FR4 substrates (which would typically be considered a poor substrate choice) with high dielectric losses. FL, March 19 -22, 2007, pp. 419 -422. 3. C.A. Balanis, Antenna theory: Analysis and design, 3rd ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2005, pp. 641-642. 4. T.A. Milligan, Modern antenna design, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1985 Because BER is the most preferred parameter for fault management, its monitoring techniques are gaining importance. One such signal quality monitoring scheme is based on the Q-factor monitoring, which can be obtained from an amplitude histogram obtained using synchronous sampling [6,7]. However, this method requires clock recovery to ensure synchronization in the sampling process. In practice, clock recovery electronics are both bit-rate and signal-format dependent. To reduce system complexity, Shake et al. used the amplitude histogram generated by asynchronous sampling to calculate the averaged Q-factor (Q avg ) without clock recovery [8,9]. With this scheme, bit-rate and signal-format transparency can be achieved. Furthermore, the Q avg value was found to have a highly linear relationship with the real value of Q-factor (Q t ) [10]. Photonic sampling methods can be classified into two types: all-optical and electro-optical (EO) sampling. The former gates the signal with optical sampling pulses, and the gating process is usually based on second-order or third-order nonlinear optical effects [11,12]. The latter utilizes electrical pulses to drive an optical sampling gate, which is often an EO or electroabsorption (EA) modulator [13]. Because the modulators and electrical pulse generators are relatively simple and low in cost, EO sampling is widely used in high-speed sampling modules. The amplitude histogram depends on the sampling uniformity, which is related to the relationship between the signal rate (f s ) and sampling rate (f c ). This histogram is also affected by the sampling position. For asynchronous sampling with a small number of sampling points, the histogram cannot represent the real statistics of the original signal if f s is very close to an integer multiple of f c . In th...

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Polarization-mode dispersion sensitivity and monitoring in 40-Gbit/s OTDM and 10-Gbit/s NRZ transmission experiments

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Transmission of 40-Gb/s x 8-WDM channels with 0.4-(bits/s)/Hz spectral efficiency using short-period dispersion-managed fiber

Transmission of 40-Gb/s x 8-WDM channels with 0.4-(bits/s)/Hz spectral efficiency using short-period dispersion-managed fiber

CD-insensitive PMD monitoring based on RF power measurement

Novel optical performance monitoring techniques using jittered electro‐optical sampling pulses

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