Polarization-independent integrated electro-optic phase modulator in polymers

Braeuer, Andreas H.; Gase, Torsten; Erdmann, Lars; Dannberg, Peter; Karthe, W.

doi:10.1117/12.166321

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Brauer et al reported the fabrication of both types of modulator structures, but did not demonstrate polarization-independent modulation [193]. [195]).…”

Section: Eo Modulation and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nonlinear optical polymer electrets current practice

Bauer‐Gogonea

Gerhard²

1996

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Amorphous polymers with strong second-order optical nonlinearities contain molecular chromophore dipoles as guest molecules, as side groups, or as main-chain segments. In order to break the inherent centrosymmetry of the initially isotropic dipole orientation in these materials and to render them nonlinear optically active (as well as piezo- and pyroelectric), preferential dipole alignment by means of electrical poling is necessary. After poling the nonlinear optical polymer films are molecular dipole electrets so that the full range of techniques for the preparation and investigation of polar electrets may be employed, together with nonlinear optical techniques, originally developed for the investigation of ferroelectric polymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride). The field of nonlinear optical polymers developed from very enthusiastic beginnings in the early eighties to the present and more realistic approach, with real applications just about to appear

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“…Brauer et al reported the fabrication of both types of modulator structures, but did not demonstrate polarization-independent modulation [193]. [195]).…”

Section: Eo Modulation and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nonlinear optical polymer electrets current practice

Bauer‐Gogonea

Gerhard²

1996

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Polymer electrets for electronics, sensors, and photonics

Bauer‐Gogonea¹,

Bauer²

2001

Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices

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Poled polymers for sensors and photonic applications

Bauer

1996

Journal of Applied Physics

177

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A brief survey of the electrical and optical properties of poled polymer electrets for sensors and photonic applications is given. Semicrystalline ferroelectric polymers are highly suitable for piezo- and pyroelectric applications, while amorphous polymers containing molecular dipoles with acceptor and donor groups linked by delocalized π electrons (A-π-D) are interesting for photonic applications. The large variety of poling techniques, such as electrode, corona, electron-beam, and photothermal poling, is discussed in detail together with specifically developed poling techniques for ferroelectric or amorphous polymers. Methods for the experimental investigation of the polar order are based on the piezo-, and pyroelectric effect, birefringence, the electro-optical effect and second-harmonic generation. Newly developed thermal analysis techniques and dipole relaxation spectroscopies complement traditional techniques, such as thermally stimulated depolarization and broadband linear and nonlinear dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The compatibility of polymers with semiconductor technology is illustrated with selected applications in hybrid integrated thermal and acoustical imaging devices, electro-optical modulators and second-harmonic generators.

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Polarization-independent integrated electro-optic phase modulator in polymers

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Nonlinear optical polymer electrets current practice

Nonlinear optical polymer electrets current practice

Polymer electrets for electronics, sensors, and photonics

Poled polymers for sensors and photonic applications

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