Polarization dynamics of a vector cavity soliton in a birefringent fiber resonator

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of dissipative optical solitons in a two-component Kerr resonator

“…1 a]. In the mean-field (good cavity) limit, the slowly-varying envelopes E 1,2 ( t , τ ) of the two eigenmodes obey coupled Lugiato–Lefever equations 28 , 31 , 32 , 43 , 48 , 58 . In dimensionless form, the equations read: Here t is a slow time that describes the field envelopes’ evolution at the scale of the cavity photon lifetime, whilst τ is a corresponding fast time that describes the envelopes’ temporal profile.…”

“…Temporal CSs have hitherto been predominantly studied in the context of single-component (scalar) systems involving a single (spatial and polarization) transverse mode family of the resonator. It is only very recently that researchers have begun to explore the realm of multi-mode (vectorial) systems 28 – 32 . In particular, asymmetric excitation of two distinct mode families has been shown to allow for the simultaneous emergence of two non-identical CSs 29 , 31 , enabling a route for the generation of multiple frequency combs from a single device 29 .…”

“…However, solitons supported under strongly asymmetric conditions are still effectively scalar, being (almost) entirely associated with one of the modes excited. Whilst vectorial solitons that rely on a symbiotic combination between two orthogonal components have been extensively studied in single-pass waveguide propagation 33 – 35 and fiber lasers 36 – 38 , there has so far been only a handful of theoretical studies on such structures in the context of temporal CSs in passive resonators 28 , 32 , analyzed in the presence of asymmetric parameters with no experimental observations achieved. Here, we report on the first experimental study of CSs in a two-mode system under conditions of symmetric excitation, and remarkably show that asymmetric and mirror-like vectorial CSs can arise via the ubiquitous phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB).…”

Coexistence of dark vector soliton Kerr combs in normal dispersion resonators

“…When polarization degree of freedom is taken into account within Kerr resonators, new modulational instabilities can appear due to polarization degree of freedom [11][12][13], leading to domain wall vector solitons [14,15], symmetry breaking [16][17][18][19][20][21], and soliton bound states [22]. Recently, polarization properties of bright DS frequency combs have been the subject of investigation both theoretically [23][24][25][26][27] and experimentally [15]. Vector DSs are classified into two types: polarization-locked vector solitons and group-velocity-locked vector solitons.…”

Intra-cavity field dynamics near avoided mode crossing in concentric silicon nitride ring resonator

“…Resonators with normal dispersion, in general, hinders the possibility of CS, where coupling between two normal dispersion modes modifies the local dispersion of one mode to the anomalous region and helps to produce a stable, bright pulse in the same resonator system [13,14]. Researchers have studied the * maitrayee@iitkgp.ac.in dynamics of the resonator field in the presence of various mode coupling phenomena such as coupling between clockwise-anticlockwise modes [15,16], orthogonally polarized modes [17][18][19] or modes which encounters avoided mode crossing (AMC) [13,14,20,21]. In the present work, our sole interest is to study the temporal and spectral dynamics of the resonator field in presence of mode coupling near the AMC region in a concentric microring resonator.…”